Author
A. Carmalin Sophia
Bio: A. Carmalin Sophia is an academic researcher from National Environmental Engineering Research Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Environmental pollution & Adsorption. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 19 publications receiving 1270 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: Adsorption is a promising method worldwide for EC removal since it is low initial cost for implementation, highly-efficient and has simple operating design.
587 citations
TL;DR: The initial oxidation reaction was found to fit into first order rate kinetics and the rate of oxidation of H-acid was higher than the other dyes, indicating that the dye degradation proceeds through cleavage of the substituent group.
219 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of 3-aminopropyl-trietoxisilane (APTES) concentration on the hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics and optical properties of the amino-functionalized materials were studied using anionic dyes.
173 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of using carbon derived from agro waste materials viz; pith, bagasse and saw dust for the purification of wastewater containing Pb(II) was studied.
143 citations
TL;DR: A wide range of treatment methodologies have been developed to treat pharmaceutical wastewater viz., chemical oxidation, biodegradation, adsorption, liquid extraction, membrane techniques, etc as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Traces of pharmaceuticals have been classified as emerging pollutants due to their persistence in the aquatic ecosystem. There has been indiscriminate disposal of pharmaceutical waste from manufacturing processes, half used, expired antibiotics as a result of which, huge quantities of bacterial resistant antibiotic wastewater have been introduced into natural ecosystems. In addition, drugs that are not fully metabolized in the body may be excreted into the sewer system. Therefore, treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater is a global concern. A wide range of treatment methodologies have been developed to treat pharmaceutical wastewater viz., chemical oxidation, biodegradation, adsorption, liquid extraction, membrane techniques, etc. However, adsorption is a promising method for the removal of micropollutants because of its simple design, low-cost, high efficiency, etc. Research has shown that graphene materials can be used as photo-catalysts, adsorbents, and as disinfectants in water treatment. They ...
124 citations
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TL;DR: The first synthetic dye compound was aniline purple as mentioned in this paper, which was synthesized in 1856 and was the first compound to be synthesized from natural colorants, and it was used extensively in textile, leather tanning, paper production, food technology, agriculture, light harvesting array, coloring and pharmaceuticals.
1,044 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Van't Hoff equation is used in different manners without any criteria about the concepts of physical-chemistry of equilibrium for calculation of thermodynamic parameters of adsorption.
999 citations
TL;DR: The chemical/biological remediation processes for Cr(VI) and their efficiency have been summarised in some detail and the interaction of chromium with various microbial/bacterial strains isolated and their reduction capacity towards Cr( VI) are also discussed.
841 citations
TL;DR: A review of the widely used and most promising industrial wastewater decolourization methods is presented in this paper, where a critical review is made on the various treatment methodologies and emerging technologies with a note on their advantages and disadvantages.
Abstract: Water pollution control is presently one of the major thrust areas of scientific research. While coloured organic compounds generally impart only a minor fraction of the organic load to wastewaters, their colour renders them aesthetically unacceptable. Stringent regulating measures are coaxing industries to treat their waste effluents to increasingly high standards. Colour removal, in particular, has recently become an area of major scientific interest as indicated by the multitude of related research reports. During the past two decades, several decolourization techniques have been reported, few of which have been accepted by some industries. There is a need to find alternative treatments that are effective in removing dyes and colourants from large volume of effluents, which are cost-effective, like the biological or integrated systems. This article reviews some of the widely used and most promising industrial wastewater decolourization methods. Data on decolourizing efficiencies of different causative agents, obtained by means of different physical, chemical and biological methods are discussed. Further a critical review is made on the various treatment methodologies and emerging technologies with a note on their advantages and disadvantages.
617 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a simplified Elovich equation to model the adsorption kinetics of lead on an activated carbon and fitted it to the entire Crank model.
Abstract: 10 kinetic models are studied in detail and used after to model the adsorption kinetics of lead on an activated carbon. All the kinetics parameters are determined: coefficients of diffusion, rate constants and maximum lead adsorption, then, compared to the literature data. The data are better simulated by the nonlinear models in the order: simplified Elovich > Elovich > Bangham > pseudo order n > Boyd, Crank long times > pseudo order 2 > Crank > Weber and Morris > Langmuir, pseudo order 1 > pore volume and surface diffusion model by Leyva Ramos > simplified Crank short times. It is one of the first times that the kinetics of adsorption are fitted by the entire true Crank model. The kinetics of lead adsorption by the activated carbon are best described by the Elovich equation: Q = 1 / β Ln α β t with α equal to 0.035 mg g −1 s −1 and β to 0.134 g mg −1 .
600 citations