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The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour. I

Preface. 1. Morphology and Anatomy I. Kovar. 2. Phylogeny I. Kovar. 3. Variability and Genetic Studies A. Honek. 4. Life History and Development A. Honek. 5. Distribution in Habitats A. Honek, I. Hodek. 6. Food Relationships I. Hodek. 7. Dormancy I. Hodek. 8. Enemies of Coccinellidae P. Ceryngier, I. Hodek. 9. Effectiveness and Utilization I. Hodek, A. Honek. References. Author Index. Taxonomic Index. Subject Index.

Biology of Coccinellidae

The metameric organization of the Drosophila embryo is generated in the first 5 h after fertilization. An initially rather simple pattern provides the foundation for subsequent development and diversification of the segmented part of the body. Many of the genes that control the formation of this pattern have been identified and at least twenty have been cloned. By combining the techniques of genetics, molecular biology and experimental embryology, it is becoming possible to unravel the role played by each of these genes. The repeating segment pattern is defined by the persistent expression of engrailed and of other genes of the 'segment polarity' class. The establishment of this pattern is directed by a transient molecular prepattern that is generated in the blastoderm by the activity of the 'pair-rule' genes. Maternal determinants at the poles of the egg coordinate this prepattern and define the anteroposterior sequence of pattern elements. The primary effect of these determinants is not known, but genes required for their production have been identified and the product of one of these, bicoid is known to be localized at the anterior of the egg. One early consequence of their activity is to define domains along the A-P axis within which a series of 'cardinal' genes are transcribed. The activity of the cardinal genes is required both to coordinate the process of segmentation and to define the early domains of homeotic gene expression. Further interactions between the homeotic genes and other classes of segmentation genes refine the initial establishment of segment identities.

The molecular basis for metameric pattern in the Drosophila embryo.

Vertebrate and invertebrate digestive systems show extensive similarities in their development, cellular makeup and genetic control. The Drosophila midgut is typical: enterocytes make up the majority of the intestinal epithelial monolayer, but are interspersed with hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells. Human (and mouse) intestinal cells are continuously replenished by stem cells, the misregulation of which may underlie some common digestive diseases and cancer. In contrast, stem cells have not been described in the intestines of flies, and Drosophila intestinal cells have been thought to be relatively stable. Here we use lineage labelling to show that adult Drosophila posterior midgut cells are continuously replenished by a distinctive population of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). As in vertebrates, ISCs are multipotent, and Notch signalling is required to produce an appropriate fraction of enteroendocrine cells. Notch is also required for the differentiation of ISC daughter cells, a role that has not been addressed in vertebrates. Unlike previously characterized stem cells, which reside in niches containing a specific partner stromal cell, ISCs adjoin only the basement membrane, differentiated enterocytes and their most recent daughters. The identification of Drosophila intestinal stem cells with striking similarities to their vertebrate counterparts will facilitate the genetic analysis of normal and abnormal intestinal function.

The adult Drosophila posterior midgut is maintained by pluripotent stem cells

Age-grouping methods in Diptera of medical importance with special reference to some vectors of malaria.

THE author of this book ranks as the foremost American worker on insect morphology. His contributions on the subject are notable for their clarity and originality of thought, and the appearance of a volume, embodying his ideas in comprehensive form, is sure of a hearty welcome. In its preparation, Mr. Snodgrass has incorporated the results of much first-hand study with those of many recent investigators in the same field. He has produced an outstanding book wherein knowledge of facts is combined with that of function and, at the same time, theoretical conceptions of the origins and relationships of organs and parts are not overlooked. Principles of Insect Morphology
 By R. E. Snodgrass. (McGraw-Hill Publications in the Zoological Sciences.) Pp. ix + 667. (New York and London: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1935.) 36s. net.

Principles of Insect Morphology

THE most significant change of outlook among entomological workers to-day is the increasing appreciation of the importance of the physiological aspects of their subject. These same aspects are also drawing an increasing number of young zoologists in their search for problems upon which to expend their energies. A great literature already exists on insect physiology, and it is appearing in a disconcertingly wide and erratic range of journals. The consequence has been that keeping up to date with this literary growth has already transcended the possibilities of most entomologists, and Dr. Wigglesworth's book has made a timely appearance in consequence. With evident critical powers and acumen he has done the great service of coordinating and sifting out this great accumulation of data and facts and welding it as a whole into a really indispensable text-book. At the same time he has incorporated the results of his own researches, which are distinguished for their originality and for the resourcefulness of the technique that has been used. The general anatomy of insects is outside the programme of this book, and is only dealt with in so far as it may be necessary to make the physiological arguments intelligible. Histology, on the other hand, naturally comes in for fuller treatment since it is intimately linked up with the interpretation of the functions of organs and parts. It is coming to be recognized that rational measures for controlling injurious insects are often dependent upon a proper acquaintance with the physiological ‘make-up’ of the species concerned. As Wigglesworth remarks, knowledge of the ecology of an insect is necessary in order to achieve effective control, while ecology itself can only be properly appreciated in the light of an understanding of physiology. The Principles of Insect Physiology By Dr. V. B. Wigglesworth. Pp. viii + 434. (London: Methuen and Co., Ltd., 1939.) 30s. net.

The Principles of Insect Physiology

general textbook of entomology

Imms' general textbook of entomology , Imms' general textbook of entomology , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

Imms' General textbook of entomology

WE have no hesitation in commending this book as a clear and thoroughly up-to-date elementary account of the general structure and metamorphosis of insects. It constitutes the first part of a treatise on entomology that the author has in preparation. The section devoted to the external anatomy of insects is particularly valuable. An Introduction to Entomology. By Prof. J. H. Comstock. Part i. Second edition, entirely rewritten. Pp. xviii + 220. (Ithaca, N.Y.: The Comstock Publishing Co., 1920.) Price 2.50 dollars net.

A. D. Imms

Papers

Principles of Insect Morphology

The Principles of Insect Physiology

general textbook of entomology

Imms' General textbook of entomology

An Introduction to Entomology