Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries have attracted great attention particularly in large-scale electric energy storage applications for renewable energy and smart grid because of the huge abundant sodium resources and low cost. In this article, a variety of electrode materials including cathodes and anodes as well as electrolytes for room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries are briefly reviewed. We compare the difference in storage behavior between Na and Li in their analogous electrodes and summarize the sodium storage mechanisms in the available electrode materials. This review also includes some new results from our group and our thoughts on developing new materials. Some perspectives and directions on designing better materials for practical applications are pointed out based on knowledge from the literature and our experience. Through this extensive literature review, the search for suitable electrode and electrolyte materials for stationary sodium-ion batteries is still challenging. However, after intensive research efforts, we believe that low-cost, long-life and room-temperature sodium-ion batteries would be promising for applications in large-scale energy storage system in the near future.

Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage

Nasicons (sodium super ion conductors) are a class of solid electrolytes. Their structure, compositional diversity, evolution, and applications are reviewed. A wide range of materials is considered based on crystalline and glassy Nasicon compositions.

A wide-ranging review on Nasicon type materials

The charge/discharge characteristics of NaTi2(PO4)3 as an anode active material for aqueous sodium-ion battery containing 2 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte were examined. Cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic discharge/charge and XRD data of the material indicated that sodium can be reversibly intercalated into NASICON-type NaTi2(PO4)3 without serious degradation of the host structure. The best reversible capacity at rate of 2.0 mA cm−2 was 93% of the theoretical capacity of 133 mAh g−1 and the plateau voltage was 2.1 V versus Na/Na+.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.3611434/pdf

Electrochemical Properties of NaTi2(PO4)3 Anode for Rechargeable Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries

Conventional machine learning approaches for predicting material properties from elemental compositions have emphasized the importance of leveraging domain knowledge when designing model inputs. Here, we demonstrate that by using a deep learning approach, we can bypass such manual feature engineering requiring domain knowledge and achieve much better results, even with only a few thousand training samples. We present the design and implementation of a deep neural network model referred to as ElemNet; it automatically captures the physical and chemical interactions and similarities between different elements using artificial intelligence which allows it to predict the materials properties with better accuracy and speed. The speed and best-in-class accuracy of ElemNet enable us to perform a fast and robust screening for new material candidates in a huge combinatorial space; where we predict hundreds of thousands of chemical systems that could contain yet-undiscovered compounds.

/pdf/elemnet-deep-learning-the-chemistry-of-materials-from-only-5585u74zoi.pdf

ElemNet: Deep Learning the Chemistry of Materials From Only Elemental Composition.

A model is introduced to predict the energy of metal-to-metal charge-transfer transitions in oxide compounds containing Bi3+ ions and d0 or d10 metals (Mn+). The model takes into account the structural characteristics of the host lattices, the anion relaxation resulting from Bi3+ doping, and the electronegativities and coordination numbers of the Bi3+ and Mn+ ions in the compounds. It is shown, through a critical review of the archival literature, that this model provides new insights on the assignment of the luminescence spectra and the related interpretation of the spectroscopic behaviors.

A. El Jazouli

Papers

Glass Formation in the Na2O-TiO2-P2O5 System

Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties of BiMgVO5

Structural and lithium intercalation studies of Mn(0.5−x)CaxTi2(PO4)3 phases (0≤x≤0.50)

Structural investigation of glasses belonging to the Na2ONb2O5P2O5 system

Structural and Electrochemical Study of Li0.5Mn0.5Ti1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3