Author
A.F. Mills
Bio: A.F. Mills is an academic researcher from University of California, Los Angeles. The author has contributed to research in topics: Heat transfer & Heat transfer coefficient. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 38 publications receiving 1955 citations.
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01 Dec 1994
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the properties of elementary heat transfer, including the following: 1. Introduction and Elementary Heat Transfer 2. Steady One-Dimensional Heat Conduction 3. Multidimensional and Unsteady Conduction.
Abstract: 1. Introduction and Elementary Heat Transfer. 2. Steady One-Dimensional Heat Conduction. 3. Multidimensional and Unsteady Conduction. 4. Convection Fundamentals and Correlations. 5. Convection Analysis. 6. Thermal Radiation. 7. Condensation, Evaporation, and Boiling. 8. Heat Exchangers. 9. Mass Transfer. A. Property Data. B. Unit, Conversion Factors, and Mathematics. C. Charts. Bibliography. Nomenclature. Index.
469 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical study of the effects of transients and variable properties on single droplet evaporation into an infinite stagnant gas is presented, and it is found that initial size Ro is eliminated from the problem on scaling time with respect to R20 and that the evaporative process becomes quasi-steady with ( R R 0 ) 2 = ( R∗ 0 R 0 ), 2 − βt R 2 0, as suggested by experiment.
398 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model for simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a thin packed bed of desiccant particles was proposed, which accounts for diffusion of moisture into the particles by both Knudsen and surface diffusions.
193 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, film-wise condensation of steam at low pressure on a vertical flat plate was investigated experimentally in order to ascertain the existence of an interfacial heat-transfer resistance and hence deduce a value of the mass accommodation or condensation coefficient of water.
144 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the transient response of a thin adiabatic packed bed of silica gel after a step change in inlet air conditions was investigated and compared with predictions using a solid-side resistance model and a pseudo-gas-side controlled model and better agreement obtained with the former model.
118 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of variable thermophysical properties, non-unitary Lewis number in the gas film, and effect of the Stefan flow on heat and mass transfer between the droplet and the gas, and the effect of internal circulation and transient liquid heating are investigated.
1,268 citations
TL;DR: A critical synthesis of the variants within the thermophysical properties of nanofluids is presented in this article, where the experimental results for the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity reported by several authors are in disagreement.
943 citations
904 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of finite thermal conductivity and recirculation in droplets can be taken into account using the so-called parabolic model, which is a reasonable compromise between accuracy and CPU efficiency.
724 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the key challenges facing membrane distillation and explore the opportunities for improving membrane membranes and system design, highlighting the outlook for MD desalination, highlighting challenges and key areas for future research and development.
Abstract: Energy-efficient desalination and water treatment technologies play a critical role in augmenting freshwater resources without placing an excessive strain on limited energy supplies. By desalinating high-salinity waters using low-grade or waste heat, membrane distillation (MD) has the potential to increase sustainable water production, a key facet of the water-energy nexus. However, despite advances in membrane technology and the development of novel process configurations, the viability of MD as an energy-efficient desalination process remains uncertain. In this review, we examine the key challenges facing MD and explore the opportunities for improving MD membranes and system design. We begin by exploring how the energy efficiency of MD is limited by the thermal separation of water and dissolved solutes. We then assess the performance of MD relative to other desalination processes, including reverse osmosis and multi-effect distillation, comparing various metrics including energy efficiency, energy quality, and susceptibility to fouling. By analyzing the impact of membrane properties on the energy efficiency of an MD desalination system, we demonstrate the importance of maximizing porosity and optimizing thickness to minimize energy consumption. We also show how ineffective heat recovery and temperature polarization can limit the energetic performance of MD and how novel process variants seek to reduce these inefficiencies. Fouling, scaling, and wetting can have a significant detrimental impact on MD performance. We outline how novel membrane designs with special surface wettability and process-based fouling control strategies may bolster membrane and process robustness. Finally, we explore applications where MD may be able to outperform established desalination technologies, increasing water production without consuming large amounts of electrical or high-grade thermal energy. We conclude by discussing the outlook for MD desalination, highlighting challenges and key areas for future research and development.
665 citations