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A. Holden

Bio: A. Holden is an academic researcher from British Geological Survey. The author has contributed to research in topics: Geothermal gradient & Urban heat island. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 15 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide the first mapping and synthesis of the temperature of Britain9s coalfields to support this emerging technology, using the best available evidence, a median geothermal gradient of 24.1°C
Abstract: Low-temperature heat recovery, cooling and storage schemes, using abandoned flooded mine workings, are a viable option for low-carbon heating solutions within many abandoned British coalfields. The temperature of mine water is a useful parameter, coupled with depth to water, sustainable yield and recharge potential, to identify suitable locations and calculate the likely performance of heat recovery schemes. This paper aims to provide the first mapping and synthesis of the temperature of Britain9s coalfields to support this emerging technology. Using the best available evidence, a median geothermal gradient of 24.1°C km−1 was calculated for the British coalfields. However, geothermal gradients between separate coalfields can vary from 17.3 to 34.3°C km−1. The North East, Cumbria and Yorkshire coalfields all have mean geothermal gradients generally >30°C km−1, whereas geothermal gradients of generally

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Cardiff Geo-Observatory as discussed by the authors measured temperature in a Quaternary aged sand and gravel aquifer in 61 boreholes and at a pilot shallow open-loop ground source heating system.
Abstract: Low-enthalpy ground source heating and cooling is recognized as one strategy that can contribute towards reducing reliance on traditional, increasingly insecure, CO2-intense thermal power generation, as well as helping to address fuel poverty. Development of this technology is applicable in urban areas where high housing density often coincides with the presence of shallow aquifers. In urban areas groundwater temperatures can be elevated owing to the subsurface urban heat island effect. Uptake and development of this technology is often limited by initial investment costs; however, baseline temperature monitoring and characterization of urban aquifers, conducted in partnership with local authorities, can provide a greater degree of certainty around resource and sustainability that can facilitate better planning, regulation and management of subsurface heat. We present a novel high-density, city-scale groundwater temperature observatory and introduce a 3D geological model aimed at addressing the needs of developers, planners, regulators and policy makers. The Cardiff Geo-Observatory measures temperature in a Quaternary aged sand and gravel aquifer in 61 boreholes and at a pilot shallow open-loop ground source heating system. We show that repurposing existing infrastructure can provide a cost-effective method of developing monitoring networks, and make recommendations on establishing similar geo-observatories. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Measurement and monitoring collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/measurement-and-monitoring

12 citations


Cited by
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1948

62 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
K. G. Cox1
01 Feb 1986-Nature
TL;DR: The aim was to develop and test the independence of taxon co­occurrences of rock­dwelling gastropods at different taxonomic levels, with special focus on the subfamily Alopiinae of the family Clausiliidae and in particular the genus Montenegrina.
Abstract: s Talks Alpine and other land snails Arranged in chronological order of the program Range­constrained co­occurrence simulation reveals little niche partitioning among rock­dwelling Montenegrina land snails (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) Zoltán Fehér1,2,3, Katharina Jaksch­Mason1,2,4, Miklós Szekeres5, Elisabeth Haring1,4, Sonja Bamberger1, Barna Páll­Gergely6, Péter Sólymos7 1 Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria; feher.zoltan@nhmus.hu 2 3rd Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria 3 Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary 4 Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Austria 5Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary 6 Department of Biology, Shinshu University, Japan 7 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada Taxon co­occurrence analysis is commonly used in ecology, but it has not been applied to range­ wide distributional data on partly allopatric taxa because existing methods cannot distinguish between distribution­related effects and taxon interactions. Our first aim was to develop a taxon co­occurrence analysis method that is also capable of taking into account the effect of different ranges and can handle faunistic records from museum databases or biodiversity inventories. Our second aim was to test the independence of taxon co­occurrences of rock­dwelling gastropods at different taxonomic levels, with special focus on the subfamily Alopiinae of the family Clausiliidae, and in particular the genus Montenegrina. We introduced a taxon­specific metric that characterizes the occurrence probability at a given location. This probability was calculated as a distance­weighted mean of the taxon’s presence and absence records at all sites. We applied corrections to eliminate the distorting effects of varying sampling intensity in our data set. Then we used probabilistic null­models to simulate taxon distributions under the null hypothesis of no taxon interactions and calculated pairwise and

52 citations

01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Potter et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a paper at the 8th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD) 2009 in Skellefteå, Sweden.
Abstract: Date deposited: 10 May 2010 Version of file: Author final (Conference Proceeding) Peer Review Status: Peer Reviewed Citation for published item: Potter HAB, Johnston D, Jones C, Rolley S, Watson I, Pritchard J. Abandoned Mines and the Water Environment in the UK. In: Securing the Future and 8th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD).2009,Skellefteå, Sweden:International Network for Acid Prevention

35 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed and applied GeoEnPy to a case study in Vienna to determine whether shallow geothermal systems are a feasible option to meet the urban heating demand, and found that BHE systems are most feasible in the eastern and southern districts of Vienna.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site (GGERFS) was used as a test site for mine-water geothermal heat, and the GGC-01 borehole was drilled in the Dalmarnock area in the east of the city of Glasgow, starting in November 2018.
Abstract: As part of the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site (GGERFS) project, intended as a test site for mine-water geothermal heat, the GGC-01 borehole was drilled in the Dalmarnock area in the east of the city of Glasgow, starting in November 2018. It was logged in January 2019 to provide a record of subsurface temperature to 197 m depth, in this urban area with a long history of coal mining and industrial development. This borehole temperature record is significantly perturbed away from its natural state, in part because of the ‘permeabilizing’ effect of past nearby coal mining and in part due to surface warming as a result of the combination of anthropogenic climate change and creation of a subsurface urban heat island by local urban development. Our numerical modelling indicates the total surface warming effect as 2.7°C, partitioned as 2.0°C of global warming since the Industrial Revolution and 0.7°C of local UHI development. We cannot resolve the precise combination of local factors that influence the surface warming because uncertainty in the subsurface thermal properties trades against uncertainty in the history of surface warming. However, the background upward heat flow through the shallow subsurface is estimated as only c. 28–33 mW m−2, depending on choice of other model parameters, well below the c. 80 mW m−2 expected in the Glasgow area. We infer that the ‘missing’ geothermal heat flux is entrained by horizontal flow at depth beyond the reach of the shallow GGC-01 borehole. Although the shallow subsurface in the study area is warmer than it would have been before the Industrial Revolution, at greater depths – between c. 90 and >300 m – it is colder, due to the effect of reduced background heat flow. In future the GGERFS project might utilize water from depths of c. 90 m, but the temperature of the groundwater at these depths is maintained largely by the past effect of surface warming, due to climate change and urban development; it is thus a resource that might be ‘mined’ but not sustainably replenished and, being the result of surface warming rather than upward heat flow, arguably should not count as ‘geothermal’ heat in the first place. Our analysis thus indicates that the GGERFS site is a poor choice as a test site for mine-water geothermal heat. Supplementary material: A summary history of coal mining in the study area is available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4911495.v2

12 citations