A. K. M. Adham

Bio: A. K. M. Adham is an academic researcher from Bangladesh Agricultural University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Irrigation & Groundwater. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 17 publications receiving 51 citations. Previous affiliations of A. K. M. Adham include Kyoto University.

Sensitivity of Penman-Monteith estimates of reference evapotranspiration to errors in input climatic data.

Abstract: The Penman-Monteith (P-M) equation with its new definition of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is recommended by FAO as the standard method of crop water requirement calculation, and also to compare other methods The ET0 component of the CROPWAT model, which is based on the P-M equation, was examined for sensitivity to errors in input data under the environment of a semi-humid sub-tropic region of Bangladesh The results showed that the ET0 estimates are most sensitive to maximum temperature and least sensitive to minimum temperature The order of sensitivity noticed is: maximum temperature > relative humidity > sunshine duration > wind speed > minimum temperature The sensitivity coefficients showed seasonal variation The model parameter ‘Angstrom’s coefficients’ showed sensitivity to errors in single or pair values The implications of sensitivity to ET0 estimates and in selecting appropriate method for ET0 estimation in a data-short environment are discussed

Evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking purposes in Barishal district of Bangladesh

Abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate the quality of groundwater in Barishal district of Bangladesh for both irrigation and drinking purposes. Sixty water samples were collected and analyzed in the Biochemistry laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University for the assessment of their quality based on a number of parameters, namely - total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly’s ratio (KR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), pH and magnesium absorption ratio (MAR), salinity and alkalinity hazard, total cation and anion. Most of the water samples were found as acceptable in terms of TDS, EC, SAR and TH values, but unacceptable based on pH. Though the water samples were demonstrated as ‘good’ and ‘satisfactory’ water class in terms of SSP and KR, respectively, they were categorized as ‘harmful’ water class in term of MAR. However, in terms of salinity and alkalinity hazard, most of the water samples were found as ‘good water’ class for irrigation. In case of drinking purpose, most of the samples were found as ‘permissible’, ‘good’ and ‘safe’ based on EC, pH, and TDS, respectively. Though the samples were demonstrated as ‘suitable’ and ‘good ’water class in terms of TH and nitrate, respectively, they were classified as ‘unsatisfactory’ based on sulphate. Overall for the groundwater samples, SSP-KR and pH-TH had a very strong correlation with a correlation coefficient around 1, and EC, TH and pH showed a negative correlation with most of the parameters. The study revealed that the quality of groundwater for most of the locations in the area was permissible and good for irrigation and drinking purposes.

Assessment of the effect of climate change on vegetative growth of major crops in Bangladesh using DSSAT.

Abstract: Academic Editor: Mohammed Mizanur Rahman A number of studies listed the potential consequences of climate change on crop agriculture and food security emanated from global warming, particularly in developing countries including Bangladesh. In this study, the effect of climate change on growth parameters of rice and non-rice crops was investigated. MAGICC/SCENGEN model together with observed climate data was used to generate Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario B2 and A2. Wheat, rice, and potato growth parameters were simulated using CERES-Wheat, CERES-Rice, and SUBSTOR-Potato models under projected change in future climatic conditions. Leaf area index (LAI), aboveground dry matter (ADM), and harvest index (HI) were found to be influenced by climate change. The effect of climate change was higher for wheat growth compared to rice and potato. The predicted change in crop growth parameters indicated the potential risk of food security in Bangladesh in the verge of increasing population and diminishing land resources. The results of this study can be used as a guideline to adopt climate change coping mechanisms to ensure future food security.

Growth and yield of three hybrid maize varieties under different irrigation levels.

Abstract: 1 ) grain yield. The interaction effects of irrigations and varieties on the grain yield were significant. Water use efficiency (WUE) for grain and biomass productions differed significantly among the irrigation treatments but insignificantly among the varieties. The interaction effects of the two factors on WUE were also significant. The highest WUE was obtained under the maximum water stressed treatment (Io) and the lowest WUE was under maximum watered treatment.

Effect of Climatic Change on Groundwater Quality Around the Subsurface Dam

Abstract: The effect of climatic change on groundwater quality around subsurface dam area has been observed using numerical simulation. The study is related to sustainable groundwater development from subsurface dams constructed in the south islands of Japan where limestone is the underground geology. The model includes dispersion/diffusion, advection, ion exchange, formation of complexes in the aqueous phase, and the dissociation of water. The mass action, transport, and site action equations are expressed in a differential/algebraic form and solved by FEM. Results reveal that dissolution of limestone is proportional to the acidification of rainwater i.e. inversely proportional to the pH of rainwater. The resulting increase in calcium ion concentration is expected to block the filter of the pumping well and deteriorate the quality of groundwater as well. Again, dissolution of limestone is proportional to the increase of intensity of rain that leads to the increase of velocity of water. Dissolution of limestone was inversely proportional to the temperature.

Economic and social commission for asia and the pacific

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Sensitivity of reference evapotranspiration to changes in meteorological parameters in Spain (1961–2011)

Abstract: This study analyzes changes in monthly reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by use of the Penman-Monteith equation and data from 46 meteorological stations in Spain from 1961 to 2011. Over the 51 year study period, there were trends for increasing average ETo during all months and annually at most of the individual meteorological stations. Sensitivity analysis of ETo to changes in meteorological variables was conducted by increasing and decreasing an individual climate variable holding the other variables constant. Sensitivity analysis indicated that relative humidity, wind speed, and maximum temperature had stronger effects on ETo than sunshine duration and minimum temperature. This suggests that aerodynamic component has more importance than radiative component to determine the atmospheric evaporative demand in Spain. The analysis showed a dominant latitudinal spatial gradient in the ETo relative changes across the 46 meteorological observatories, mainly controlled by the increasing available solar energy southward. In addition, the role of different meteorological variables on ETo is influenced by the average climatology at each observatory. ETo trends are mainly explained by the decrease in relative humidity and the increase in maximum temperature since the 1960s, particularly during the summer months. The physical mechanisms that explain ETo sensitivity to the different physical variables and current ETo trends are discussed in detail.

Climate Change, Salinization and High-Yield Rice Production in Coastal Bangladesh

Abstract: Progressive salinization of water and soil will be increasingly severe in low-lying coastal areas as climate change proceeds. Thus, understanding the economic impacts of salinity intrusion will be essential for effective adaptation planning. This paper uses econometric analysis to predict the impact of climate-induced increases in soil salinity on high-yielding-variety rice production in coastal Bangladesh. Findings indicate an output decline of 15.6 percent in nine subdistricts where soil salinity will exceed 4 deciSiemens per meter before 2050. Without new adaptation strategies, the predicted changes will result in 7.7 and 5.6 percent losses in the Barisal and Chittagong regions, respectively.