A. Makulski

Bio: A. Makulski is an academic researcher from Fermilab. The author has contributed to research in topics: Electromagnetic coil & Magnet. The author has an hindex of 9, co-authored 20 publications receiving 226 citations.

Application of PCB and FDM Technologies to Magnetic Measurement Probe System Development

Abstract: Rotating coil probes are essential for measuring harmonic multipole fields of accelerator magnets. A fundamental requirement of these probes is their accuracy, which typically implies that the probes need to be very stiff and straight, have highly accurate knowledge of the placement of windings, and an ability to buck the fundamental fields well in order to suppress the effects of vibrations. Ideally, for an R&D test environment, probe fabrication should also be easy and low-cost, so that probe parameters (type, length, number of turns, radius, etc.) can be customized to the magnet requiring test. Such facility allows measurement optimization for magnets of various multipolarity, aperture size, cable twist pitch, etc. The accuracy and construction flexibility aspects of probe development, however, are often at odds with each other. This paper reports on application of printed-circuit board and fused-deposition modeling technologies, and what these offer to the fabrication of magnetic measurement probe systems.

A Fast Continuous Magnetic Field Measurement System Based on Digital Signal Processors

Abstract: In order to study dynamic effects in accelerator magnets, such as the decay of the magnetic field during the dwell at injection and the rapid so-called "snapback" during the first few seconds of the resumption of the energy ramp, a fast continuous harmonics measurement system was required. A new magnetic field measurement system, based on the use of digital signal processors (DSP) and Analog to Digital (A/D) converters, was developed and prototyped at Fermilab. This system uses Pentek 6102 16 bit A/D converters and the Pentek 4288 DSP board with the SHARC ADSP-2106 family digital signal processor. It was designed to acquire multiple channels of data with a wide dynamic range of input signals, which are typically generated by a rotating coil probe. Data acquisition is performed under a RTOS, whereas processing and visualization are performed under a host computer. Firmware code was developed for the DSP to perform fast continuous readout of the A/D FIFO memory and integration over specified intervals, synchronized to the probe's rotation in the magnetic field. C, C++ and Java code was written to control the data acquisition devices and to process a continuous stream of data. The paper summarizes the characteristics of the system and presents the results of initial tests and measurements

Mu2e Transport Solenoid Prototype Tests Results

Abstract: The Fermilab Mu2e experiment has been developed to search for evidence of charged lepton flavor violation through the direct conversion of muons into electrons. The transport solenoid is an s-shaped magnet that guides the muons from the source to the stopping target. It consists of 52 superconducting coils arranged in 27 coil modules. A full-size prototype coil module, with all the features of a typical module of the full assembly, was successfully manufactured by a collaboration between INFN-Genoa and Fermilab. The prototype contains two coils that can be powered independently. To validate the design, the magnet went through an extensive test campaign. Warm tests included magnetic measurements with a vibrating stretched wire and electrical and dimensional checks. The cold performance was evaluated by a series of power tests and temperature dependence and minimum quench energy studies.

Fast thermometry for superconducting RF cavity testing

Abstract: Fast readout of strategically placed low heat capacity thermometry can provide valuable information of Superconducting RF (SRF) cavity performance. Such a system has proven very effective for the development and testing of new cavity designs. Recently, several resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) were installed in key regions of interest on a new 9 cell 3.9 GHz SRF cavity with integrated HOM design at FNAL. A data acquisition system was developed to read out these sensors with enough time and temperature resolution to measure temperature changes on the cavity due to heat generated from multipacting or quenching within power pulses. The design and performance of the fast thermometry system will be discussed along with results from tests of the 9 cell 3.9 GHz SRF cavity.

Sudden flux change studies in high field superconducting accelerator magnets

Abstract: As part of the High Field Magnet Program at Fermilab many magnets have been tested which utilize multi strand Rutherford type cable made of state-of-the art Nb/sub 3/Sn strands. During these magnet tests we observed sudden flux changes by monitoring coil voltages and the magnetic field close to the magnets. These flux changes might be linked to magnet instabilities. The voltage spike signals were correlated with quench antenna signals, a strong indication that these are magnet phenomena. With a new high resolution voltage spike detection system, we were able to observe the detailed structure of the spikes. Two fundamentally different signal shapes were distinguished, most likely generated by different mechanisms.

The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report - Volume 3.I: Accelerator \& in the Technical Design Phase

Abstract: The International Linear Collider Technical Design Report (TDR) describes in four volumes the physics case and the design of a 500 GeV centre-of-mass energy linear electron-positron collider based on superconducting radio-frequency technology using Niobium cavities as the accelerating structures. The accelerator can be extended to 1 TeV and also run as a Higgs factory at around 250 GeV and on the Z0 pole. A comprehensive value estimate of the accelerator is give, together with associated uncertainties. It is shown that no significant technical issues remain to be solved. Once a site is selected and the necessary site-dependent engineering is carried out, construction can begin immediately. The TDR also gives baseline documentation for two high-performance detectors that can share the ILC luminosity by being moved into and out of the beam line in a "push-pull" configuration. These detectors, ILD and SiD, are described in detail. They form the basis for a world-class experimental programme that promises to increase significantly our understanding of the fundamental processes that govern the evolution of the Universe.

Design of HQ -- a High Field Large Bore Nb3Sn Quadrupole Magnet for LARP

Abstract: Design of HQ – a High Field Large Bore Nb 3 Sn Quadrupole Magnet for LARP H Felice, G Ambrosio, M Anerella, R Bossert, S Caspi, D Cheng, D Dietderich, P Ferracin, A K Ghosh, R Hafalia, C R Hannaford, V Kashikhin, J Schmalze, S Prestemon, GL Sabbi, PWanderer, AV Zlobin Abstract— In support of the Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade, a large bore (120 mm) Nb 3 Sn quadrupole with 15 T peak coil field is being developed within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) The 2-layer design with a 15 mm wide cable is aimed at pre-stress control, alignment and field quality while exploring the magnet performance limits in terms of gradient, forces and stresses In addition, HQ will determine the magnetic, mechanical, and thermal margins of Nb 3 Sn technology with respect to the requirements of the luminosity upgrade at the LHC Index Terms— Superconducting accelerator magnets, Nb 3 Sn, IR quadrupole, LARP IR quadrupole magnets using NbTi This intermediate LHC upgrade and the ongoing development on HQ give a good opportunity to compare the performances of NbTi and Nb 3 Sn large aperture quads In order to match the CERN NbTi quads aperture, the aperture of HQ will be 120 mm [7], [8] The 2D magnetic design along with some preliminary results on the 3D magnetic design is summarized in this paper In the last part, the mechanical structure implementing alignment features is presented II M AGNETIC D ESIGN A Conductor The objectives of HQ are to reach 15 T peak field in the conductor and 200 T/m in a 120 mm aperture A wide cable was selected to achieve this goal in a 2-layer cos2θ quadrupole and to manage the mechanical stresses in the coil In addition, CERN plans to use the 151 mm wide LHC main dipole cable to fabricate the Phase 1 IR NbTi quadrupole magnets [9], [10] In order to facilitate the comparison between NbTi and Nb 3 Sn quads, the cable width of HQ was chosen to match that of the dipole cable, 1515 mm The present conductor parameters are described in Table I Due to the large size of the cable and its keystone angle, prototype cables were fabricated The cables have been evaluated for their windability and if any strand damage occurred during cabling TABLE I HQ D ESIGN P ARAMETERS Parameters Strand diameter Strand type Cu/non-Cu ratio Number strands Cable width (bare) Cable mid-thickness (bare) mm mm deg µm Units mm HQ design OST RRP 54/61 [11] I INTRODUCTION the LHC baseline luminosity requires IR quadrupoles with large aperture and high gradients The main objective of LARP is to demonstrate the feasibility of Nb 3 Sn technology for the LHC Phase 2 upgrade Toward this goal, LARP has developed several series of Nb 3 Sn magnets: the SQ series (Subscale Quadrupole) [1], [2], the TQ series (1- meter long 90 mm aperture Technology Quadrupole) [3], [4] and the LRS series (36-meter Long Racetrack assembled in a common coil arrangement) [5] The LQ series (Long Quadrupole) is under construction and is a 37 long version of the TQ series aiming at demonstrating the scalability of Nb 3 Sn cosine two theta quadrupole [6] In order to meet the requirements for Phase 2 LHC upgrade, the next series of magnet will have to be designed to reach 15 T at 19 K in a large aperture (above 110 mm) with alignment features (to provide field quality), cooling channels and LHe containment The objective of the LARP HQ series (1-meter long High gradient, high field Quadrupole) is to address these requirements With the Phase 1 LHC upgrade, CERN is going to fabricate PGRADING U Manuscript received 26 August 2008 This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics Division, US Department of Energy, under contract No DE-AC02-05CH11231 HFelice, S Caspi, D Dietderich, D Cheng, P Ferracin, R Hafalia, CR Hannaford, S Prestemon and GL Sabbi are with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA (e-mail: HFelice@lblgov) G Ambrosio, R Bossert, V Kashiskhin and AZlobin are with Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory, Batatvia, IL 60510-0500 USA M Anerella, A K Ghosh, J Schmalze and P Wanderer are with Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, USA Keystone angle Insulation thickness Nb of turns IL/OL Several prototype cables have been fabricated with different thickness and keystone angles and each cable's behavior was characterized by winding tests around various pole

Application of PCB and FDM Technologies to Magnetic Measurement Probe System Development

Abstract: Rotating coil probes are essential for measuring harmonic multipole fields of accelerator magnets. A fundamental requirement of these probes is their accuracy, which typically implies that the probes need to be very stiff and straight, have highly accurate knowledge of the placement of windings, and an ability to buck the fundamental fields well in order to suppress the effects of vibrations. Ideally, for an R&D test environment, probe fabrication should also be easy and low-cost, so that probe parameters (type, length, number of turns, radius, etc.) can be customized to the magnet requiring test. Such facility allows measurement optimization for magnets of various multipolarity, aperture size, cable twist pitch, etc. The accuracy and construction flexibility aspects of probe development, however, are often at odds with each other. This paper reports on application of printed-circuit board and fused-deposition modeling technologies, and what these offer to the fabrication of magnetic measurement probe systems.

Development and Test of a Single-Aperture 11 T $ \hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Demonstrator Dipole for LHC Upgrades

Abstract: The upgrade of the LHC collimation system foresees installation of additional collimators around the LHC ring. The longitudinal space for the collimators could be provided by replacing some 8.33 T NbTi LHC main dipoles with shorter 11 T Nb3Sn dipoles compatible with the LHC lattice and main systems. To demonstrate this possibility, FNAL and CERN have started a joint program with the goal of building a 5.5 m long twin-aperture dipole prototype suitable for installation in the LHC. The first step of this program is the development of a 2 m long single-aperture demonstrator dipole with a nominal field of 11 T at the LHC nominal current of 11.85 kA and ~ 20% margin. This paper describes the design, construction, and test results of the first single-aperture Nb3Sn demonstrator dipole model.

Digital Integrator for Fast Accurate Measurement of Magnetic Flux by Rotating Coils

Abstract: A fast digital integrator (FDI) with dynamic accuracy and a trigger frequency higher than those of a portable digital integrator (PDI), which is a state-of-the-art instrument for magnetic measurements based on rotating coils, was developed for analyzing superconducting magnets in particle accelerators. Results of static and dynamic metrological characterization show how the FDI prototype is already capable of overcoming the dynamic performance of PDI as well as covering operating regions that used to be inaccessible