Author
A. Piepke
Other affiliations: California Institute of Technology, Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe
Bio: A. Piepke is an academic researcher from University of Alabama. The author has contributed to research in topics: Silicon photomultiplier & Neutrino. The author has an hindex of 8, co-authored 15 publications receiving 7465 citations. Previous affiliations of A. Piepke include California Institute of Technology & Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe.
Papers
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Tohoku University1, University of Zurich2, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory3, Stanford University4, College of William & Mary5, University of Urbino6, CERN7, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics8, University of California, Irvine9, Cornell University10, Argonne National Laboratory11, ETH Zurich12, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research13, Hillsdale College14, Spanish National Research Council15, Ohio State University16, University of Notre Dame17, Kent State University18, University of California, San Diego19, University of California, Berkeley20, University of Minnesota21, University of Alabama22, University of Helsinki23, Los Alamos National Laboratory24, California Institute of Technology25, George Washington University26, Syracuse University27, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory28, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater29, University of Washington30, Max Planck Society31, Boston University32, University of California, Los Angeles33, Royal Holloway, University of London34, Université Paris-Saclay35, University of Pennsylvania36, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign37, University of Bristol38, University of Tokyo39, University of Delaware40, Carnegie Mellon University41, University of California, Santa Cruz42, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology43, Heidelberg University44, Florida State University45, University of Mainz46, University of Edinburgh47, Brookhaven National Laboratory48, Durham University49, University of Lausanne50, Massachusetts Institute of Technology51, University of Southampton52, Nagoya University53, University of Oxford54, Northwestern University55, University of British Columbia56, Columbia University57, Lund University58, University of Sheffield59, University of California, Santa Barbara60, Iowa State University61, University of Alberta62, University of Cambridge63
TL;DR: This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, and features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations.
Abstract: This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. This edition features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations. For the first time we cover searches for evidence of extra dimensions (both in the particle listings and in a new review). Another new review is on Grand Unified Theories. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.
5,143 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the νe flux and spectrum have been measured at a distance of about 800 m from the reactors of the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station using a segmented Gd-loaded liquid scintillator detector.
Abstract: The νe flux and spectrum have been measured at a distance of about 800 m from the reactors of the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station using a segmented Gd-loaded liquid scintillator detector. Correlated positron-neutron events from the reaction νep→e+n were recorded for a period of 200 d including 55 d with one of the three reactors off for refueling. Backgrounds were accounted for by making use of the reactor-on and reactor-off cycles, and also with a novel technique based on the difference between signal and background under reversal of the e+ and n portions of the events. A detailed description of the detector calibration, background subtraction, and data analysis is presented here. Results from the experiment show no evidence for neutrino oscillations. νe→νx oscillations were excluded at 90% C.L. for Δm2>1.12×10-3 eV2 for full mixing and sin22θ>0.21 for large Δm2. These results support the conclusion that the observed atmospheric neutrino oscillations do not involve νe.
383 citations
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Pacific Northwest National Laboratory1, University of South Carolina2, California Institute of Technology3, University of Chicago4, University of Washington5, International Institute of Minnesota6, Osaka University7, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare8, Brown University9, Stanford University10, University of California, Irvine11, University of Zaragoza12, University of Alabama13, Duke University14
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss several limitations in the analysis provided in that paper and conclude that there is no basis for the presented claim, and they further conclude that such a claim cannot be supported by the experimental observation of double-beta decay.
Abstract: We comment on the recent claim for the experimental observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay. We discuss several limitations in the analysis provided in that paper and conclude that there is no basis for the presented claim.
188 citations
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Tohoku University1, Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe2, Osaka University3, University of Tokushima4, University of Alabama5, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory6, University of California, Berkeley7, University of Hawaii at Manoa8, Massachusetts Institute of Technology9, University of Tennessee10, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill11, Durham University12, North Carolina Central University13, Duke University14, University of Washington15, University of Amsterdam16
TL;DR: In this paper, Asakura et al. showed that the kiloton-scale liquid scintillator detector KamLAND can detect pre-supernova neutrinos from a star with a mass of 25 M ǫ at a distance less than 690 pc with 3σ significance before the supernova.
Abstract: Author(s): The KamLAND Collaboration; Asakura, K; Gando, A; Gando, Y; Hachiya, T; Hayashida, S; Ikeda, H; Inoue, K; Ishidoshiro, K; Ishikawa, T; Ishio, S; Koga, M; Matsuda, S; Mitsui, T; Motoki, D; Nakamura, K; Obara, S; Oura, T; Shimizu, I; Shirahata, Y; Shirai, J; Suzuki, A; Tachibana, H; Tamae, K; Ueshima, K; Watanabe, H; Xu, BD; Kozlov, A; Takemoto, Y; Yoshida, S; Fushimi, K; Piepke, A; Banks, TI; Berger, BE; Fujikawa, BK; O'Donnell, T; Learned, JG; Maricic, J; Matsuno, S; Sakai, M; Winslow, LA; Efremenko, Y; Karwowski, HJ; Markoff, DM; Tornow, W; Detwiler, JA; Enomoto, S; Decowski, MP | Abstract: In the late stages of nuclear burning for massive stars (M g 8 Mȯ), the production of neutrino-antineutrino pairs through various processes becomes the dominant stellar cooling mechanism. As the star evolves, the energy of these neutrinos increases and in the days preceding the supernova a significant fraction of emitted electron anti-neutrinos exceeds the energy threshold for inverse beta decay on free hydrogen. This is the golden channel for liquid scintillator detectors because the coincidence signature allows for significant reductions in background signals. We find that the kiloton-scale liquid scintillator detector KamLAND can detect these pre-supernova neutrinos from a star with a mass of 25 Mȯ at a distance less than 690 pc with 3σ significance before the supernova. This limit is dependent on the neutrino mass ordering and background levels. KamLAND takes data continuously and can provide a supernova alert to the community.
46 citations
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TL;DR: The Pythia program as mentioned in this paper can be used to generate high-energy-physics ''events'' (i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles).
Abstract: The Pythia program can be used to generate high-energy-physics ''events'', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.
6,300 citations
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TL;DR: A review of dark energy can be found in this paper, where the authors present the basic physics and astronomy of the subject, reviews the history of ideas, assesses the state of the observational evidence, and comments on recent developments in the search for a fundamental theory.
Abstract: Physics welcomes the idea that space contains energy whose gravitational effect approximates that of Einstein's cosmological constant, \ensuremath{\Lambda}; today the concept is termed dark energy or quintessence. Physics also suggests that dark energy could be dynamical, allowing for the arguably appealing picture of an evolving dark-energy density approaching its natural value, zero, and small now because the expanding universe is old. This would alleviate the classical problem of the curious energy scale of a millielectron volt associated with a constant \ensuremath{\Lambda}. Dark energy may have been detected by recent cosmological tests. These tests make a good scientific case for the context, in the relativistic Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre model, in which the gravitational inverse-square law is applied to the scales of cosmology. We have well-checked evidence that the mean mass density is not much more than one-quarter of the critical Einstein--de Sitter value. The case for detection of dark energy is not yet as convincing but still serious; we await more data, which may be derived from work in progress. Planned observations may detect the evolution of the dark-energy density; a positive result would be a considerable stimulus for attempts at understanding the microphysics of dark energy. This review presents the basic physics and astronomy of the subject, reviews the history of ideas, assesses the state of the observational evidence, and comments on recent developments in the search for a fundamental theory.
4,783 citations
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TL;DR: The current status of particle dark matter, including experimental evidence and theoretical motivations, including direct and indirect detection techniques, is discussed in this paper. But the authors focus on neutralinos in models of supersymmetry and Kaluza-Klein dark matter in universal extra dimensions.
4,614 citations
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TL;DR: The 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use is presented in this article.
Abstract: This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants.
2,770 citations
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TL;DR: The experimental limits placed on the oblique correction parameters S and T are reviewed and the value of S can be estimated for running and walking technicolor theories are discussed.
Abstract: I will first review the experimental limits placed on the oblique correction parameters S and T. Then, I will discuss how the value of S can be estimated for running and walking technicolor theories.
2,020 citations