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A. V. Tobolsky

Bio: A. V. Tobolsky is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Diradical & Polymerization. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 53 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the history, ideas, and some characteristics of iniferters and living radical polymerization with some inifierters that contain dithiocarbamate groups as photoiniferters.
Abstract: Iniferters are initiators that induce radical polymerization that proceeds via initiation, propagation, primary radical termination, and transfer to initiator. Because bimolecular termination and other transfer reactions are negligible, these polymerizations are performed by the insertion of the monomer molecules into the iniferter bond, leading to polymers with two iniferter fragments at the chain ends. The use of well-designed iniferters would give polymers or oligomers bearing controlled end groups. If the end groups of the polymers obtained by a suitable iniferter serve further as a polymeric iniferter, these polymerizations proceed by a living radical polymerization mechanism in a homogeneous system. In these cases, the iniferters (CS bond) are considered a dormant species of the initiating and propagating radicals. In this article, I describe the history, ideas, and some characteristics of iniferters and living radical polymerization with some iniferters that contain dithiocarbamate groups as photoiniferters and several compounds as thermal iniferters. From the viewpoint of controlled polymer synthesis, iniferters can be classified into several types: thermal or photoiniferters; monomeric, polymeric, or gel iniferters; monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional, or polyfunctional iniferters; monomer or macromonomer iniferters; and so forth. These lead to the synthesis of various monofunctional, telechelic, block, graft, star, and crosslinked polymers. The relations between this work and other recent studies are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2121–2136, 2000

533 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1969-Polymer
TL;DR: In this article, the gelation technique has been applied to the following monomers to determine the nature of the termination reactions in the free-radical polymerizations at 25°C: methyl, ethyl and n -butyl methacrylates; methyl and ethyl acrylsates; acrylonitrile and methacellitrile; vinyl acetate; the photo-initiating system used was manganese carbonyl + polyvinyl trichloracetate.

105 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The dialkyldiazene or azo-compound initiators are one of the most important classes of initiators being widely used in both conventional and reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP).

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Elektronen-Transfer-Katalyse (ETC) as discussed by the authors is an ETC-Konzept for the two-stage Doppelaktivierungs-(DAISET)-prozesse erortert, i.e., the ersten Schritt erzeugte Teilchen standig reproduziert.
Abstract: Das Konzept der Elektronen-Transfer-Katalyse (ETC) oder, etwas spezifischer, der zweifachen Aktivierung durch Ein-Elektronen-Ubertragung (DAISET) eroffnet die Moglichkeit, scheinbar nicht zusammenhangende experimentelle Befunde miteinander zu verknupfen. Bei der ersten Aktivierung nimmt das Substrat ein Elektron auf oder gibt ein Elektron ab; bei der zweiten Aktivierung bildet sich eine Reaktionskette, die das im ersten Schritt erzeugte Teilchen standig reproduziert. Der Beitrag beginnt mit einer Diskussion des SRN1-Mechanismus. Beispiele fur die Anwendung des Konzepts sind thermische und photochemische Austauschreaktionen an PtIV-Komplexen, die Austauschreaktion [AuCl4]−/Cl−, Umsetzungen von Grignard- und anderen Organometall-Reagentien sowie das Redoxverhalten elektronisch angeregter organischer Verbindungen. Photochemische Anwendungsmoglichkeiten schliesen die potentielle Nutzung der Sonnenenergie ein. Neue Aspekte ergeben sich auch fur das mechanistische Problem „SN2-Reaktion oder SET-Prozes?” Das Konzept hat auserdem Bedeutung fur SH2-Reaktionen am Metallzentrum, Molekul-induzierte Homolysen, Reaktionen von Komplexen sowie elektrochemische Vorgange. — Sofern nicht anders vermerkt, werden in diesem Beitrag nur Doppelaktivierungs-(DAISET-)Prozesse erortert.

46 citations