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A Vinokur

Bio: A Vinokur is an academic researcher from University of Michigan. The author has contributed to research in topics: Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 1482 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and a shortened 13-item version can reliably be used as self-administered questionnaires.
Abstract: The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and a shortened 13-item version can reliably be used as self-administered questionnaires.

1,511 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The AUDIT provides a simple method of early detection of hazardous and harmful alcohol use in primary health care settings and is the first instrument of its type to be derived on the basis of a cross-national study.
Abstract: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) has been developed from a six-country WHO collaborative project as a screening instrument for hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. It is a 10-item questionnaire which covers the domains of alcohol consumption, drinking behaviour, and alcohol-related problems. Questions were selected from a 150-item assessment schedule (which was administered to 1888 persons attending representative primary health care facilities) on the basis of their representativeness for these conceptual domains and their perceived usefulness for intervention. Responses to each question are scored from 0 to 4, giving a maximum possible score of 40. Among those diagnosed as having hazardous or harmful alcohol use, 92% had an AUDIT score of 8 or more, and 94% of those with non-hazardous consumption had a score of less than 8. AUDIT provides a simple method of early detection of hazardous and harmful alcohol use in primary health care settings and is the first instrument of its type to be derived on the basis of a cross-national study.

11,042 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tests for curvilinearity failed to indicate any drawbacks of so-called overcontrol, and the positive effects remained after controlling for social desirability, so low self-control is a significant risk factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems.
Abstract: What good is self-control? We incorporated a new measure of individual differences in self-control into two large investigations of a broad spectrum of behaviors. The new scale showed good internal consistency and retest reliability. Higher scores on self-control correlated with a higher grade point average, better adjustment (fewer reports of psychopathology, higher self-esteem), less binge eating and alcohol abuse, better relationships and interpersonal skills, secure attachment, and more optimal emotional responses. Tests for curvilinearity failed to indicate any drawbacks of so-called overcontrol, and the positive effects remained after controlling for social desirability. Low self-control is thus a significant risk factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems.

4,985 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Concerns about how best to measure drinking patterns and problems date back to at least 1926, when Pearl stressed the importance of separating steady daily drinkers from occasional heavy drinkers.
Abstract: Although the measurement of drinking is necessary for assessing and evaluating the treatment of alcohol problems, this key dependent variable has not always been reported in outcome studies.1, 2, 3 Today, the issue is not whether to measure drinking, but how to measure drinking. Concerns about how best to measure drinking patterns and problems date back to at least 1926, when Pearl stressed the importance of separating steady daily drinkers from occasional heavy drinkers.4

3,741 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The primary goals of this set of studies were to develop, and initiate the construct validation of, a self-report measure that assesses the major personality traits of psychopathy in noncriminal populations and clarify the nature of these traits via an exploratory approach to test construction.
Abstract: Research on psychopathology has been hindered by persisting difficulties and controversies regarding its assessment The primary goals of this set of studies were to (a) develop, and initiate the construct validation of, a self-report measure that assesses the major personality traits of psychopathy in noncriminal populations and (b) clarify the nature of these traits via an exploratory approach to test construction This measure, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), was developed by writing items to assess a large number of personality domains relevant to psychopathy and performing successive item-level factor analyses and revisions on three undergraduate samples The PPI total score and its eight subscales were found to possess satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability In four studies with undergraduates, the PPI and its subscales exhibited a promising pattern of convergent and discriminant validity with self-report, psychiatric interview, observer rating, and family history data In addition, the PPI total score demonstrated incremental validity relative to several commonly used self-report psychopathy-related measures Future construct validation studies, unresolved conceptual issues regarding the assessment of psychopathy, and potential research uses of the PPI are outlined

1,314 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The AUDIT Core Instrument is useful for early detection of hazardous or harmful drinking, while the AUDIT Clinical Instrument is better applied to identification and/or confirmation of cases of alcohol dependence.
Abstract: Objective: The concurrent, construct, and discriminant validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were evaluated. AUDIT consists of a 10-item Core questionnaire and an 8-item Clinical procedure. AUDIT was designed to identify hazardous drinkers (whose drinking increases their risk of alcohol-related problems, though alcohol-associated harm has not yet occurred); harmful drinkers (who have had recent physical or mental harm from their drinking, but who are not alcohol-dependent); and people with alcohol dependence. Method: Known alcoholics (n = 65) and general medical patients (n = 187) completed self-report questionnaires and underwent a diagnostic interview, physical examination and laboratory testing. Results: AUDIT scores correlated significantly with scores on the MAST and MacAndrew alcoholism screening tests, and with ALAT, ASAT, GGT and MCV levels, which reflect recent heavy drinking. AUDIT scores were correlated with measures of alcoholism vulnerability (e.g., familial alcoho...

1,147 citations