Although technology provides numerous benefits to young people, it also has a ’ dark side ’, as it can be used for harm, not only by some adults but also by the young people themselves. Email, texting, chat rooms, mobile phones, mobile phone cameras and web sites can and are being used by young people to bully peers. It is now a global problem with many incidents reported in the United States, Canada, Japan, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, as well as in Australia and New Zealand. This growing problem has as yet not received the attention it deserves and remains virtually absent from the research literature. This article explores definitional issues, the incidence and potential consequences of cyber bullying, as well as discussing possible prevention and intervention strategies.

Cyber bullying: An old problem in a new guise?

Policies and procedures govern organizations whether they are private or public, for-profit or not-forprofit. Review of such policies and procedures are done periodically to ensure optimum efficiency within the organization. Framework analysis is a qualitative method that is aptly suited for applied policy research. Framework analysis is better adapted to research that has specific questions, a limited time frame, a pre-designed sample and a priori issues. In the analysis, data is sifted, charted and sorted in accordance with key issues and themes using five steps: familiarization; identifying a thematic framework; indexing; charting; and mapping and interpretation. Framework analysis provides an excellent tool to assess policies and procedures from the very people that they affect.

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Framework Analysis: A Qualitative Methodology for Applied Policy Research

Aims
To demonstrate Framework Analysis using a worked example and to illustrate how criticisms of qualitative data analysis including issues of clarity and transparency can be addressed.

Background
Critics of the analysis of qualitative data sometimes cite lack of clarity and transparency about analytical procedures; this can deter nurse researchers from undertaking qualitative studies. Framework Analysis is flexible, systematic, and rigorous, offering clarity, transparency, an audit trail, an option for theme-based and case-based analysis and for readily retrievable data. This paper offers further explanation of the process undertaken which is illustrated with a worked example.

Data source and research design
Data were collected from 31 nursing students in 2009 using semi-structured interviews.

Discussion
The data collected are not reported directly here but used as a worked example for the five steps of Framework Analysis. Suggestions are provided to guide researchers through essential steps in undertaking Framework Analysis. The benefits and limitations of Framework Analysis are discussed.

Implications for nursing
Nurses increasingly use qualitative research methods and need to use an analysis approach that offers transparency and rigour which Framework Analysis can provide. Nurse researchers may find the detailed critique of Framework Analysis presented in this paper a useful resource when designing and conducting qualitative studies.

Conclusion
Qualitative data analysis presents challenges in relation to the volume and complexity of data obtained and the need to present an ‘audit trail’ for those using the research findings. Framework Analysis is an appropriate, rigorous and systematic method for undertaking qualitative analysis.

Using Framework Analysis in nursing research: a worked example.

The information systems (IS) literature has long emphasized the importance of user acceptance of computer-based IS. Evaluating the determinants of acceptance of information technology (IT) is vital to address the problem of underutilization and leverage the benefits of IT investments, especially for more radical technologies. This study examines individual acceptance of biometric identification techniques in a voluntary environment, measuring the intention to accept and further recommend the technology resulting from a carefully selected set of variables. Drawing on elements of technology acceptance model (TAM), diffusion of innovations (DOI) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) along with the trust-privacy research field, we propose an integrated approach that is both theoretically and empirically grounded. By testing some of the most relevant and well-tested elements from previous models along with new antecedents to biometric system adoption, this study produces results which are both sturdy and innovative. We first confirm the influence of renowned technology acceptance variables such as compatibility, perceived usefulness, facilitating conditions on biometrics systems acceptance and further recommendation. Second, prior factors such as concern for privacy, trust in the technology, and innovativeness also prove to have an influence. Third, unless innovativeness, the most important drivers to explain biometrics acceptance and recommendation are not from the traditional adoption models (TAM, DOI, and UTAUT) but from the trust and privacy literature (trust in technology and perceived risk). We propose an integrated approach of end-user acceptance of biometric system.The model is based on TAM, DOI and UTAUT along with trust-privacy literature.Technology adoption theory is extended by adding the potential recommendation power.Renowned technology acceptance variables influence acceptance and recommendation.Key drivers of acceptance and recommendation come from the trust-privacy literature.

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Determinants of end-user acceptance of biometrics

Therapeutic landscapes and wellbeing in later life: Impacts of blue and green spaces for older adults

Policies and procedures govern organizations whether they are private or public, for-profit or not-for profit. Review of such policies and procedures are done periodically to ensure optimum efficiency within the organization. Framework analysis is a qualitative method that is aptly suited for applied policy research. Framework analysis is better adapted to research that has specific questions, a limited time frame, a pre-designed sample and a priori issues. In the analysis, data is sifted, charted and sorted in accordance with key issues and themes using five steps: familiarization; identifying a thematic framework; indexing; charting; and mapping and interpretation. Framework analysis provides an excellent tool to assess policies and procedures from the very people that they affect.

In recent years, there has been a worldwide wave of using e-government as a mechanism to improve government's efficiency through transparency, openness and increasing interactions across governments, citizens, and the civil society organisations. However, Bangladesh has failed to progress towards achieving its target as envisaged in its information technology (IT) policy documentations. The inability of the national parliament to enact an IT law is primarily considered responsible for such a failure. This paper initially attempts to identify issues relevant to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and e-government in Bangladesh. It is followed by a discussion on the legal aspects of the use of ICT in e-government activities and the country's failure to enact the draft IT Act for more than four years. Subsequently, a framework of e-government and legal protection is introduced and major ICT related legal issues discussed with references to the draft IT Act of Bangladesh and other relevant legal codes.

Information technology law and e-government: a developing country perspective

E-government is often considered as a dynamic mechanism to establish citizen-centric, more transparent and more accountable government system. However, such mechanism is often thwarted by a host of intricacies contributed by the lack of ICT resources and infrastructure, unequal access to technology, low e-literacy rate and the lack of appropriate government policy initiatives and commitments. The dilemma surrounding the concept of privacy versus openness and the connectivity between the wider society and technology may also impact on the e-government implementation process and its success. This paper initially discusses the challenges to successful implementation of e-government. Subsequently, from a developing country perspective, an eclectic theoretical framework is proposed. The framework aims at identifying the dynamic relationship pattern between the government and the various stakeholders including citizens, and addresses how the various environmental factors, such as politics, bureaucracy, technology and culture, may contribute to the e-government success.

Technology, society and e-government: in search of an eclectic framework

With the increasing use of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT), a new method of bullying has emerged known as cyberbullying. It is indeed ironic that the advancement in communication tools designed to improve the life of mankind is also the cause of much pain. More and more frequently we do read or hear of cases of young children being victims because of the misuse of ICT which have in some extreme cases led to them committing suicide. Unfortunately the ICT’s very nature of being accessible from anywhere and anytime, and its often anonymous nature makes it difficult to regulate what children say or do to each other. This paper discusses the scope of the cyberbullying problem amongst the young in Australia and considers what role the government, the courts and schools should play in detecting, deterring or preventing such conduct.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2342944

Aashish Srivastava

Papers

Framework Analysis: A Qualitative Methodology for Applied Policy Research

Information technology law and e-government: a developing country perspective

Technology, society and e-government: in search of an eclectic framework

Cyberbullying in Australia: Clarifying the Problem, Considering the Solutions

Cyberbullying in Australia: Clarifying the Problem, Considering the Solutions