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Abdel Khoukh

Bio: Abdel Khoukh is an academic researcher from University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour. The author has contributed to research in topics: Polymerization & Copolymer. The author has an hindex of 21, co-authored 40 publications receiving 1435 citations. Previous affiliations of Abdel Khoukh include Centre national de la recherche scientifique.

Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, a series of solar cells based on blends of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester were optimized for annealing.
Abstract: A series of poly(3-hexylthiophene)s (P3HTs) and poly(3-butylthiophene)s (P3BTs) with predetermined molecular weights and varying polydispersities are prepared using a simplified Grignard metathesis chain-growth polymerization. Techniques were elaborated to prepare extremely high molecular weight P3HT (number-average molecular weight of around 280 000 g mol–1) with a low polydispersity (< 1.1) without resorting to fractionation. Optimization of the annealing of a series of solar cells based on blends of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester indicates that the polydispersities, molecular weights, and degrees of conjugation of the P3ATs all have an important impact not only on cell characteristics but also on the most effective annealing temperature required. The results indicate that each cell requires annealing treatments specific to the type of polymer and its molecular weight distribution.

206 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2002-Polymer
TL;DR: In this article, a series of HAPAMs were prepared by direct N-alkylation of the amide groups of a parent polyacrylamide (PAM) in DMSO with alkyl bromide in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide.

138 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that the copolymers cross-linked to yield a composite hydrogel in which the polyaniline was homogeneously embedded, and the composite gels were then successfully used as actuators.

106 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Mar 2007-Polymer
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of acrylate and maleate groups in the modified structure of Xanthan gum was detected by ATR-FTIR, 1H liquid NMR and 1H HRMAS NMR spectroscopies.

91 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the synthesis via the Grignard metathesis method (GRIM) of donor/acceptor double cable copolymers with diblock and random sequences, where the conjugated polythiophene backbone is substituted with hexyl chains and with alkyl chains bearing fullerene.
Abstract: In this paper, we report the synthesis via the Grignard metathesis method (GRIM) of donor/acceptor double cable copolymers with diblock and random sequences, where the conjugated polythiophene backbone is substituted with hexyl chains and with alkyl chains bearing fullerene. First, the monomers 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene and 2,5-dibromo-3-(1,3-dioxa-2-octyl)thiophene were randomly copolymerized and yielded after the grafting of fullerene C60 the double cable CoPTR-C. Second, the same monomers were used to synthesize a diblock copolymer with a block made from a random copolymerization of both monomers while the second block is pure poly(3-hexylthiophene). After the grafting of fullerene, the block double cable CoPTBl-C was obtained. Both double cable copolymers were investigated through various characterization methods. NMR 1D and 2D experiments allowed the full structural characterization and the determination of the final composition of the copolymers. The thermal behavior was investigated by TGA and D...

81 citations


Cited by
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08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fluorene-Based Copolymers ContainingPhosphorescent Complexes and Carbazole-Based Conjugated Polymers R5.1.3.
Abstract: -phenylenevinylene)s L4. Fluorene-Based Conjugated Polymers L4.1. Fluorene-Based Copolymers ContainingElectron-Rich MoietiesM4.2. Fluorene-Based Copolymers ContainingElectron-Deficient MoietiesN4.3. Fluorene-Based Copolymers ContainingPhosphorescent ComplexesQ5. Carbazole-Based Conjugated Polymers R5.1. Poly(2,7-carbazole)-Based Polymers R5.2. Indolo[3,2-

3,686 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An outlook is presented on what will be required to drive this young photovoltaic technology towards the next major milestone, a 10% power conversion efficiency, considered by many to represent the efficiency at which OPV can be adopted in wide-spread applications.
Abstract: Solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells have gained serious attention during the last few years and are becoming established as one of the future photovoltaic technologies for low-cost power production. This article reviews the highlights of the last few years, and summarizes today's state-of-the-art performance. An outlook is given on relevant future materials and technologies that have the potential to guide this young photovoltaic technology towards the magic 10% regime. A cost model supplements the technical discussions, with practical aspects any photovoltaic technology needs to fulfil, and answers to the question as to whether low module costs can compensate lower lifetimes and performances.

3,084 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Characterization and Properties 3928 8.2.1.
Abstract: 5. In Situ Polymerization 3907 5.1. General Polymerization 3907 5.2. Photopolymerization 3910 5.3. Surface-Initiated Polymerization 3912 5.4. Other Methods 3913 6. Colloidal Nanocomposites 3913 6.1. Sol-Gel Process 3914 6.2. In Situ Polymerization 3916 6.2.1. Emulsion Polymerization 3917 6.2.2. Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Polymerization 3919 6.2.3. Miniemulsion Polymerization 3920 6.2.4. Dispersion Polymerization 3921 6.2.5. Other Polymerization Methods 3923 6.2.6. Conducting Nanocomposites 3924 6.3. Self Assembly 3926 7. Other Preparative Methods 3926 8. Characterization and Properties 3928 8.1. Chemical Structure 3928 8.2. Microstructure and Morphology 3929 8.3. Mechanical Properties 3933 8.3.1. Tensile, Impact, and Flexural Properties 3933 8.3.2. Hardness 3936 8.3.3. Fracture Toughness 3937 8.3.4. Friction and Wear Properties 3937 8.4. Thermal Properties 3938 8.5. Flame-Retardant Properties 3941 8.6. Optical Properties 3942 8.7. Gas Transport Properties 3943 8.8. Rheological Properties 3945 8.9. Electrical Properties 3945 8.10. Other Characterization Techniques 3946 9. Applications 3947 9.1. Coatings 3947 9.2. Proton Exchange Membranes 3948 9.3. Pervaporation Membranes 3948 9.4. Encapsulation of Organic Light-Emitting Devices 3948

1,915 citations

01 Feb 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the unpolarized absorption and circular dichroism spectra of the fundamental vibrational transitions of the chiral molecule, 4-methyl-2-oxetanone, are calculated ab initio using DFT, MP2, and SCF methodologies and a 5S4P2D/3S2P (TZ2P) basis set.
Abstract: : The unpolarized absorption and circular dichroism spectra of the fundamental vibrational transitions of the chiral molecule, 4-methyl-2-oxetanone, are calculated ab initio. Harmonic force fields are obtained using Density Functional Theory (DFT), MP2, and SCF methodologies and a 5S4P2D/3S2P (TZ2P) basis set. DFT calculations use the Local Spin Density Approximation (LSDA), BLYP, and Becke3LYP (B3LYP) density functionals. Mid-IR spectra predicted using LSDA, BLYP, and B3LYP force fields are of significantly different quality, the B3LYP force field yielding spectra in clearly superior, and overall excellent, agreement with experiment. The MP2 force field yields spectra in slightly worse agreement with experiment than the B3LYP force field. The SCF force field yields spectra in poor agreement with experiment.The basis set dependence of B3LYP force fields is also explored: the 6-31G* and TZ2P basis sets give very similar results while the 3-21G basis set yields spectra in substantially worse agreements with experiment. jg

1,652 citations