Abel Maia Genovez

Bio: Abel Maia Genovez is an academic researcher from State University of Campinas. The author has contributed to research in topics: Runoff curve number & Drainage basin. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 11 publications receiving 146 citations.

Classificação Hidrológica de Solos Brasileiros para a Estimativa da Chuva Excedente com o Método do Serviço de Conservação do Solo dos Estados Unidos Parte 2: Aplicação

Abstract: The rainfall-runoff model of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is often used in engineering projects, either to calculate excess rainfall or for a design hydrograph. However, it is known that the main parameter of the method is the runoff curve number (CN). It is also known that the hydrologic soil classification is very important to estimate CN and it has not been developed for tropical soils such as those in Brazil. Sartori et al. (2005) point out a few difficulties for its application and present a suggestion for hydrologic soil classification in Brazil based on the work of Lombardi Neto et al. (1989). As all proposals deserve to be evaluated, this study is developed to analyze the responses of the rainfall-runoff model of SCS applied to the original hydrologic soil classification and with the classification suggested by Sartori et al. (2005) to observed precipitation events in order to estimate excess rainfall and peak flow which was obtained with the triangular unit hydrograph of the SCS and with the mean unit hydrograph representing Ribeirão dos Marins watershed, in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, with an area close to 21.87 RBRH – Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos Volume 10 n.4 Out/Dez 2005, 19-29 29 km. The simulated results using two hydrologic soil classifications were compared to the events observed in the watershed. From the comparisons made it was observed that a better result was obtained with the hydrologic classification suggested by Sartori et al. (2005) and with the representative unit hydrograph of the watershed. These results indicate that the hydrologic soil classification suggested by Sartori et al. (2005) is more appropriate for the soil conditions in the watershed studied and that the unit hydrograph of the SCS tends to overestimate peak flow

Trend analysis of water quality in some rivers with different degrees of development within the São Paulo State, Brazil

Abstract: Time series of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate, total phosphorus, chloride, ammonia and faecal coliforms (FC), monitored by CETESB (‘Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental’), in the period from 1979 to 2001, were analysed in seven river basins located in the Sao Paulo State, one of the most developed regions in Brazil. The selected rivers, Piracicaba, Mogi-Guacu, Turvo Grande, Peixe, Aguapei, Sao Jose dos Dourados and Alto Paranapanema have different degrees of development concerning industrial, agricultural and population growth. Trend analysis methodology was based on graphical exploratory analysis followed by confirmation through statistical tests. Results showed impoverishment of the water quality conditions in most of the studied basins, represented by the positive trends of the parameters (BOD, nitrogens, total phosphorus, clorate and FC) and negative trend of the parameter (DO). Among the analysed basins, the Piracicaba River is the most severely affected with higher variations in the magnitude followed by the basins of the Mogi-Guacu, Turvo Grande, Peixe and Aguapei Rivers. On the other hand, the Alto Paranapanema and Sao Jose dos Dourados basins are the least affected. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chuvas intensas no estado de são paulo: estudos existentes e análise comparativa

Abstract: Many engineering projects use high intensity rainfall data. Unfortunately short-duration data are insufficient in many parts of the world. Often the data available are not enough to provide reasonable estimates. There are a great number of studies about rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) relationships for the state of São Paulo, Brazil. These studies include the local IDF equations (also called high-intensity rainfalls equations) or general IDF equations, rainfall intensity relationships for different durations and isoline maps. The main objective of this paper is to present most of the studies already performed, trying to emphasize the length of the observed data series employed, period covered and finally, applicability interval. Later, a comparative analysis between the different methodologies is presented, in order to obtain the rainfall intensity for given duration and return period. The intention is to provide information to allow the best choice among the different available methods of obtaining rainfall intensity, which will obviously depend on the site of study.

Reference Curve Numbers and Behavior for Sugarcane on Highly Weathered Tropical Soils

Abstract: This work examines rainfall-runoff behavior and determines the reference curve numbers (CNs) on a highly weathered tropical clayey soil (Oxisol, or “latosol”) in Brazil for three conditions: (1) bare soil; (2) sugarcane with replanting each three years; and (3) near-permanent sugarcane without replanting. It compares findings with U.S. experiences and handbook values. Curve number and runoff behavior changed markedly after the seventh month of growth, and the profound influences of cover are clearly demonstrated. A surprising finding was that though these Oxisols are quite rich in clay, the rainfall-runoff results suggest that they should be classified as Hydrologic Soil Group B.

Análise de intervenção das séries temporais de vazão dos principais rios da bacia do rio Piracicaba

Abstract: This work reports the exploratory analysis and stochastic modeling of the mean annual flow time series of the Piracicaba river basin main tributaries, from 1930 to 1995. This basin is located in one of the most developed regions of Brazil, has been severely modified through anthropogenic changes, the main of which is the inter-basin transfer of 31m3/s of water to supply the São Paulo City metropolitan area. A statistical study was carried out to detect main changes of flow evolution in time. The stochastic flow model was built using transfer functions, taking into account the model it was possible to calculate the percentage changes in the annual mean flow after a given intervention.

Impact of Population Growth on the Water Quality of Natural Water Bodies

Abstract: Human activities pose a significant threat to the water quality of rivers when pollution exceeds the threshold limit. Urban activities in particular are highlighted as one of the major causes of contamination in surface water bodies in Asian countries. Evaluation of sustainable human population capacities in river watersheds is necessary to maintain better freshwater ecosystems in a country while achieving its development goals as a nation. We evaluated the correlation between the growth rate of the population in a watershed area and water quality parameters of a river ecosystem. The Kelani River in Sri Lanka was selected for the study. The highest correlation coefficients of 0.7, 0.69, 0.69 (p < 0.01) corresponding to biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and total coliform (TC) were obtained with the population in watersheds of the Kelani river in Sri Lanka. Thus, we propose a quantitative approach to estimating the population capacity of watersheds based on water quality classification standards (WQCS), employing the Bayesian network (BN) classification model. The optimum population ranges were obtained from the probability distribution table of the population node in the BN. The results showed that the population density should be approximately less than 2375 to keep the water quality in the watershed for bathing and drinking purposes and approximately less than 2672 for fish and other aquatic organisms. This research will offer a means that can used to understand the impact of population on water quality in river basins and confer direct influence on natural water bodies.

A blue/green water‐based accounting framework for assessment of water security

Abstract: A comprehensive assessment of water security can incorporate several water-related concepts, while accounting for Blue and Green Water (BW and GW) types defined in accordance with the hydrological processes involved. Here we demonstrate how a quantitative analysis of provision probability and use of BW and GW can be conducted, so as to provide indicators of water scarcity and vulnerability at the basin level. To illustrate the approach, we use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model the hydrology of an agricultural basin (291 km2) within the Cantareira Water Supply System in Brazil. To provide a more comprehensive basis for decision making, we analyze the BW and GW-Footprint components against probabilistic levels (50th and 30th percentile) of freshwater availability for human activities, during a 23 year period. Several contrasting situations of BW provision are distinguished, using different hydrological-based methodologies for specifying monthly Environmental Flow Requirements (EFRs), and the risk of natural EFR violation is evaluated by use of a freshwater provision index. Our results reveal clear spatial and temporal patterns of water scarcity and vulnerability levels within the basin. Taking into account conservation targets for the basin, it appears that the more restrictive EFR methods are more appropriate than the method currently employed at the study basin. The blue/green water-based accounting framework developed here provides a useful integration of hydrologic, ecosystem and human needs information on a monthly basis, thereby improving our understanding of how and where water-related threats to human and aquatic ecosystem security can arise.

Análise de Tendências em Dados de Precipitação e Temperatura no Brasil

Abstract: A concentracao de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) na atmosfera tem aumentado acentuadamente desde a revolucao industrial, o que levou a intensificacao do efeito estufa e consequentemente vem causando o aquecimento global. A analise espacial de tendencias permite observar as mudancas no comportamento e determinar em quais regioes uma determinada variavel vem sofrendo mudancas ao longo do tempo. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as tendencias temporais da precipitacao e da temperatura media no Brasil, utilizando o metodo Contextual Mann-Kendall (CMK), utilizando dados espacialmente distribuidos elaborados pelo Climatic Research Unit (CRU), entre os anos 1961 e 2011. A umidade relativa e a evapotranspiracao foram analisadas no intuito de auxiliar na interpretacao dos resultados da precipitacao e temperatura. Os resultados mostraram tendencias nao significativas em mais de 70% do territorio brasileiro em todos os meses na precipitacao, porem a temperatura media apresentou tendencia positiva significativa em grande parte do Brasil ao longo de todo ano. Em geral, a evapotranspiracao apresentou um comportamento diretamente proporcional a temperatura, enquanto que a umidade relativa apresentou comportamento inversamente proporcional. A continuidade dessas tendencias podera resultar em impactos na agricultura e no ciclo hidrologico, e consequentemente para a fauna e flora e para a populacao.

Water Quality Changes during Rapid Urbanization in the Shenzhen River Catchment: An Integrated View of Socio-Economic and Infrastructure Development

Abstract: Surface water quality deterioration is a serious problem in many rapidly urbanizing catchments in developing countries. There is currently a lack of studies that quantify water quality variation (deterioration or otherwise) due to both socio-economic and infrastructure development in a catchment. This paper investigates the causes of water quality changes over the rapid urbanization period of 1985–2009 in the Shenzhen River catchment, China and examines the changes in relation to infrastructure development and socio-economic policies. The results indicate that the water quality deteriorated rapidly during the earlier urbanization stages before gradually improving over recent years, and that rapid increases in domestic discharge were the major causes of water quality deterioration. Although construction of additional wastewater infrastructure can significantly improve water quality, it was unable to dispose all of the wastewater in the catchment. However, it was found that socio-economic measures can significantly improve water quality by decreasing pollutant load per gross regional production (GRP) or increasing labor productivity. Our findings suggest that sustainable development during urbanization is possible, provided that: (1) the wastewater infrastructure should be constructed timely and revitalized regularly in line with urbanization, and wastewater treatment facilities should be upgraded to improve their nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies; (2) administrative regulation policies, economic incentives and financial policies should be implemented to encourage industries to prevent or reduce the pollution at the source; (3) the environmental awareness and education level of local population should be increased; (4) planners from various sectors should consult each other and adapt an integrated planning approach for socio-economic and wastewater infrastructure development.