Author
Adam Harvey
Other affiliations: University of Cambridge
Bio: Adam Harvey is an academic researcher from Newcastle University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Biodiesel production & Transesterification. The author has an hindex of 37, co-authored 162 publications receiving 4276 citations. Previous affiliations of Adam Harvey include University of Cambridge.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, a series of alkali-doped metal oxide catalysts were evaluated for activity in the transesterification of rapeseed oil to biodiesel using a standard 3-h test.
250 citations
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TL;DR: Oscillatory Flow Reversals (OFRs) as mentioned in this paper are a novel type of continuous reactor, consisting of tubes containing equally spaced orifice plate baffles, superimposed upon the net flow of the process fluid, creating flow patterns conducive to efficient heat and mass transfer, whilst maintaining plug flow.
Abstract: Oscillatory flow reactors (OFRs) are a novel type of continuous reactor, consisting of tubes containing equally spaced orifice plate baffles. An oscillatory motion is superimposed upon the net flow of the process fluid, creating flow patterns conducive to efficient heat and mass transfer, whilst maintaining plug flow. Unlike conventional plug flow reactors, where a minimum Reynolds number must be maintained, the degree of mixing is independent of the net flow, allowing long residence times to be achieved in a reactor of greatly reduced length-to-diameter ratio. Many long residence time processes are currently performed in batch, as conventional designs of plug flow reactor prove to be impractical due to their high length-to-diameter ratios, which lead to problems such as high capital cost, large 'footprint', high pumping costs and, also control is difficult. The OFR allows these processes to be converted to continuous, thereby intensifying the process. The transesterification of various natural oils to form 'biodiesel' is a 'long' reaction, usually performed in batch. Conversion to continuous processing should improve the economics of the process, as the improved mixing should generate a better product (rendering the downstream separation processes easier), at lower residence time (reduction in reactor volume). These improvements can decrease the price of 'biodiesel', making it a more realistic competitor to 'petrodiesel'. This paper shows that it is feasible to perform this reaction in an OFR at a lower residence time. The reaction was performed in a pilot-scale plant, using rapeseed oil and methanol as the feedstocks, and NaOH as the catalyst. # 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
207 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the concepts and key developments of mixing enhancement through pulsation and oscillation and focus on more recent research using oscillations in baffled tubes or columns, which generate discrete vortices as distinct from the more random type of flow produced by the well-established pulsed plate and reciprocating plate column devices.
Abstract: In this article we review the concepts and key developments of mixing enhancement through pulsation and oscillation. We focus on more recent research using oscillations in baffled tubes or columns, which generate discrete vortices as distinct from the more random type of flow produced by the well-established pulsed plate and reciprocating plate column devices. The scope of this review ranges from the basic chemical engineering concepts and key findings from recent research projects, including heat/mass transfer and residence time distribution (RTD); to applications and case studies involving specific reactions, e.g. polymerization and process intensification. We hope that this review will enable the reader to identify additional potential and perhaps an unexpectedly wide range of applications for the oscillatory baffled flow technology.
163 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive survey on algal biomass resource for future, is addressed, taking into consideration the strong need for research on third generation biofuel production, and a region based database able to provide information on specific biomass production, their utilization with the respect to sectors like region, industries, transportation, etc.
158 citations
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TL;DR: A review of the best available technologies for recovery of waste heat is provided, ranging from heat transfer between source and sink, to novel technologies for the generation of electricity and refrigeration.
149 citations
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28,685 citations
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TL;DR: The Age of Irresponsibility, the Dilemma of growth, the Myth of Decoupling, the Iron Cage of Consumerism, and the Green New Deal as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Foreword 1. Prosperity Lost 2. The Age of Irresponsibility 3. Redefining Prosperity 4. The Dilemma of Growth 5. The Myth of Decoupling 6. The 'Iron Cage' of Consumerism 7. Keynesianism and the 'Green New Deal' 8. Ecological Macro-Economics 9. Flourishing - within Limits 10. Governance for Prosperity 11. The Transition to a Sustainable Economy 12. A Lasting Prosperity Appendices References Endnotes
2,113 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the results of the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to produce biodiesel using CaO nanoparticles supported on NaX zeolite as catalyst were reported.
Abstract: Biodiesel is produced by the transesterification of oil triglycerides with methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This study aims to report the results of the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to produce biodiesel using CaO nanoparticles supported on NaX zeolite as catalyst. The effect of the CaO nanoparticles concentration on the NaX zeolite surface was studied in the range of 5−25 wt %. The transesterification reaction was carried out at reflux temperature of methanol, atmospheric pressure, a reaction time of 6 h, and with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to sunflower oil. Catalyst characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was concluded that methyl esters content is highly influenced by basicity and that the best catalyst was the one holding 16 wt % CaO nanoparticles. The produced biodiesel was 93.5% methyl esters and was found to fulfill the specifications of Europ...
1,687 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.
Abstract: The world is confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels, which can be produced from materials available within the country. Although vegetative oils can be fuel for diesel engines, but their high viscosities, low volatilities and poor cold flow properties have led to the investigation of its various derivatives. Among the different possible sources, fatty acid methyl esters, known as Biodiesel fuel derived from triglycerides (vegetable oil and animal fates) by transesterification with methanol, present the promising alternative substitute to diesel fuels and have received the most attention now a day. The main advantages of using Biodiesel are its renewability, better quality exhaust gas emission, its biodegradability and the organic carbon present in it is photosynthetic in origin. It does not contribute to a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and consequently to the green house effect. This paper reviews the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.
1,250 citations