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Adam P. Draude

Bio: Adam P. Draude is an academic researcher from University of Manchester. The author has contributed to research in topics: Liquid crystal & Graphene. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 6 publications receiving 70 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new irradiation facility that allows to perform accelerated damage tests of nuclear reactor materials at temperatures up to 400°C using the intense proton (proton) was developed.
Abstract: We have developed a new irradiation facility that allows to perform accelerated damage tests of nuclear reactor materials at temperatures up to 400 °C using the intense proton (

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a network of these lidars, supported by ceilometer observations, is used to map the extent of the aerosol and its optical properties, and demonstrate the value of a dense network of observations for tracking forest fire smoke, and show how the dispersion of smoke in the free troposphere leads to the emergence of discrete thin layers in the far field.
Abstract: . Layers of aerosol at heights between 2 and 11 km were observed with Raman lidars in the UK between 23 and 31 May 2016. A network of these lidars, supported by ceilometer observations, is used to map the extent of the aerosol and its optical properties. Space-borne lidar profiles show that the aerosol originated from forest fires over western Canada around 17 May, and indeed the aerosol properties – weak volume depolarisation ( %) and a lidar ratio at 355 nm in the range 35–65 sr – were consistent with long-range transport of forest fire smoke. The event was unusual in its persistence – the smoke plume was drawn into an atmospheric block that kept it above north-western Europe for 9 days. Lidar observations show how the smoke layers became optically thinner during this period, but the lidar ratio and aerosol depolarisation showed little change. The results demonstrate the value of a dense network of observations for tracking forest fire smoke, and show how the dispersion of smoke in the free troposphere leads to the emergence of discrete thin layers in the far field. They also show how atmospheric blocking can keep a smoke plume in the same geographic area for over a week.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Jun 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the stabilization of liquid crystal blue phases by doping with C60, single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide is described, and three types of particles are found to extend the combined temperature range of blue phases I and II by a factor of ∼5.
Abstract: The thermal stabilization of blue phases is a subject that has been of scientific and technological interest since their discovery. Meanwhile, carbonaceous nanomaterials such as C60 fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have generated interdisciplinary interest spanning across solid-state physics, organic chemistry, colloids, all the way to soft matter physics. Herein, the stabilization of liquid crystal blue phases by doping with C60, single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide is described. All three types of particles are found to extend the combined temperature range of blue phases I and II by a factor of ∼5. Furthermore, mixtures of pairs of different materials, and all three types are shown to stabilize the blue phases. The temperature range of the blue phases is shown to grow at the expense of the cholesteric phase. This leads to a blue phase-cholesteric-smecticA phase triple-point in all cases except that of doping with carbon nanotubes. The mechanisms of this thermal stabilization are discussed in light of theoretical descriptions for other established systems.

21 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Jan 2021
Abstract: As display devices based on liquid crystals have matured over the last decades, liquid crystal research has shifted its priorities in slightly different directions, such as sensors, photonics, nanotechnology and even more biologically related fields like drug delivery. This implied a change of emphasis in the development of novel materials, of which a completely new class of liquid crystal based composites emerged, that of nanoparticle-dispersed liquid crystals. The underlying ideas were to add functionality, while maintaining switchability, and the exploitation of liquid crystal self-organisation to build hierarchical nanostructures. Of particular interest for applications are dispersions of carbon nanomaterials, such as fullerenes, nanotubes and the graphene variants, due to their interactions with conventional liquid crystals. While such systems have been investigated for the past two decades, we concentrate in this review on the effects of dimensionality of the dispersed carbon nanoparticles, which goes hand in hand with the more recent developments in this field. Examples are the doping of 0D fullerenes in liquid crystals and implications for Blue Phase stability, or 1D nanotubes in nematic and ferroelectric liquid crystals, questions of dispersibility and applications as alignment media in ITO-free devices. Graphene (2D) and especially graphene oxide are mainly investigated for their formation of lyotropic liquid crystals. We here discuss the more recent aspects of dispersion in thermotropics.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the rain-shadow effect is quantified using a rain shadow model, and one approach that could be used to quantify the rain shadow effect is proposed. But,
Abstract: CapsuleCan the rain-shadow effect be quantified? This article suggests one approach that could be used.

11 citations


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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The glossary of meteorology is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you for reading glossary of meteorology. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen books like this glossary of meteorology, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their computer. glossary of meteorology is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the glossary of meteorology is universally compatible with any devices to read.

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the decadal datasets available from the space-borne lidar, Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard Cloud-Aerosol LIDar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CARIPSO) are analyzed in order to understand the spatial and vertical distributions of aerosols at a global scale.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Neural Network Aerosol Typing Algorithm Based on Lidar Data (NATALI) was developed to estimate the most probable aerosol type from a set of multispectral lidar data, and blind tests on EARLINET data samples showed the capability of NATALI to retrieve the aerosoltype from a large variety of data, with different levels of quality and physical content.
Abstract: . Atmospheric aerosols play a crucial role in the Earth's system, but their role is not completely understood, partly because of the large variability in their properties resulting from a large number of possible aerosol sources. Recently developed lidar-based techniques were able to retrieve the height distributions of optical and microphysical properties of fine-mode and coarse-mode particles, providing the types of the aerosols. One such technique is based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). In this article, a Neural Network Aerosol Typing Algorithm Based on Lidar Data (NATALI) was developed to estimate the most probable aerosol type from a set of multispectral lidar data. The algorithm was adjusted to run on the EARLINET 3 β + 2 α ( + 1 δ ) profiles. The NATALI algorithm is based on the ability of specialized ANNs to resolve the overlapping values of the intensive optical parameters, calculated for each identified layer in the multiwavelength Raman lidar profiles. The ANNs were trained using synthetic data, for which a new aerosol model was developed. Two parallel typing schemes were implemented in order to accommodate data sets containing (or not) the measured linear particle depolarization ratios (LPDRs): (a) identification of 14 aerosol mixtures (high-resolution typing) if the LPDR is available in the input data files, and (b) identification of five predominant aerosol types (low-resolution typing) if the LPDR is not provided. For each scheme, three ANNs were run simultaneously, and a voting procedure selects the most probable aerosol type. The whole algorithm has been integrated into a Python application. The limitation of NATALI is that the results are strongly dependent on the input data, and thus the outputs should be understood accordingly. Additional applications of NATALI are feasible, e.g. testing the quality of the optical data and identifying incorrect calibration or insufficient cloud screening. Blind tests on EARLINET data samples showed the capability of NATALI to retrieve the aerosol type from a large variety of data, with different levels of quality and physical content.

44 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a small quantity of graphene flakes was doped in a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) and the field-induced FLC switching was found to be significantly faster in the FLC + graphene hybrid than that of the pure FLC.
Abstract: A small quantity of graphene flakes was doped in a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC), and the field-induced ferroelectric electro-optic switching was found to be significantly faster in the FLC + graphene hybrid than that of the pure FLC. Further studies revealed that the suspended graphene flakes enhanced the FLC's spontaneous polarization by improving smectic-C ordering resulting from the π–π electron stacking, and reduced rotation viscosity by trapping some of the free ions of the FLC media. These effects coherently impacted the FLC-switching phenomenon, enabling the FLC molecules to switch faster on reversing an external electric field.

44 citations