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Adebayo Akinsola

Bio: Adebayo Akinsola is an academic researcher from Medical Research Council. The author has contributed to research in topics: Vaccination & MenAfriVac. The author has an hindex of 11, co-authored 12 publications receiving 2653 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Interventions targeting five pathogens can substantially reduce the burden of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea and suggest new methods and accelerated implementation of existing interventions (rotavirus vaccine and zinc) are needed to prevent disease and improve outcomes.

2,766 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The PsA-TT vaccine elicited a stronger response to group A antibody than the PsACWY vaccine, and had obvious immunologic memory after receiving a polysaccharide booster vaccine.
Abstract: Background Group A meningococci are the source of major epidemics of meningitis in Africa An affordable, highly immunogenic meningococcal A conjugate vaccine is needed Methods We conducted two studies in Africa to evaluate a new MenA conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) In study A, 601 children, 12 to 23 months of age, were randomly assigned to receive PsA-TT, a quadrivalent polysaccharide reference vaccine (PsACWY), or a control vaccine (Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine [Hib-TT]) Ten months later, these children underwent another round of randomization within each group to receive a full dose of PsA-TT, a one-fifth dose of PsACWY, or a full dose of Hib-TT, with 589 of the original participants receiving a booster dose In study B, 900 subjects between 2 and 29 years of age were randomly assigned to receive PsA-TT or PsACWY Safety and reactogenicity were evaluated, and immunogenicity was assessed by measuring the activity of group A serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) with rabbit complement and pe

162 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Apr 2011-Vaccine
TL;DR: The differences in antibody responses and pneumococcal carriage between the groups diminished following booster with PPV, implying that administration of one or two doses of PCV7, with a booster dose of PPV might lower the cost of protection against IPD in young children in resource poor countries.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Encouraging care-seeking behavior at health centers and promoting ORS use can reduce mortality and morbidity in this population of rural young Gambian children.
Abstract: Diarrheal disease causes ~1.34 million deaths per year among children under 5 years of age globally. We conducted a Health Care Utilization and Attitudes Survey of 1,012 primary caregivers of children aged 0-11, 12-23, and 24-59 months randomly selected from a Demographic Surveillance population in rural Gambia. Point prevalence of diarrhea was 7.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.1-9.8); 23.3% had diarrhea within the previous 2 weeks. Caregivers of 81.5% of children with diarrhea sought healthcare outside their home, but only 48.4% of them visited a health center. Only 17.0% (95% CI = 12.1-23.2) of children with diarrhea received oral rehydration solution (ORS) at home. Abbre- viated surveys conducted on six occasions over the subsequent 2 years showed no change in prevalence or treatment- seeking behavior. Diarrhea remains a significant problem in rural young Gambian children. Encouraging care-seeking behavior at health centers and promoting ORS use can reduce mortality and morbidity in this population.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four years after vaccination with a single dose of PsA-TT vaccine in Africa, most subjects are considered protected from MenA disease.
Abstract: Background. Mass vaccination campaigns of the population aged 1–29 years with 1 dose of group A meningococcal (MenA) conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT, MenAfriVac) in African meningitis belt countries has resulted in the near-disappearance of MenA. The vaccine was tested in clinical trials in Africa and in India and found to be safe and highly immunogenic compared with the group A component of the licensed quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine (PsACWY). Antibody persistence in Africa and in India was investigated. Methods. A total of 900 subjects aged 2–29 years were followed up for 4 years in Senegal, Mali, and The Gambia (study A). A total of 340 subjects aged 2–10 years were followed up for 1 year in India (study B). In study A, subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio, and in study B a 1:1 ratio to receive either PsA-TT or PsACWY. Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring MenA serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) with rabbit complement and by a group A–specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. In both studies, substantial SBA decay was observed at 6 months postvaccination in both vaccine groups, although more marked in the PsACWY group. At 1 year and 4 years (only for study A) postvaccination, SBA titers were relatively sustained in the PsA-TT group, whereas a slight increasing trend, more pronounced among the youngest, was observed in the participants aged <18 years in the PsACWY groups. The SBA titers were significantly higher in the PsA-TT group than in the PsACWY group at any time point, and the majority of subjects in the PsA-TT group had SBA titers ≥128 and group A–specific IgG concentrations ≥2 µg/mL at any point in time in both the African and Indian study populations. Conclusions. Four years after vaccination with a single dose of PsA-TT vaccine in Africa, most subjects are considered protected from MenA disease. Clinical Trials Registration. PsA-TT-003 (ISRCTN87739946); PsA-TT-003a (ISRCTN46335400).

17 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016.

10,401 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421–723) to 853 million (642–1100).

7,419 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Mohsen Naghavi1, Haidong Wang1, Rafael Lozano1, Adrian Davis2  +728 moreInstitutions (294)
TL;DR: In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) as discussed by the authors, the authors used the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data.

5,792 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Haidong Wang1, Mohsen Naghavi1, Christine Allen1, Ryan M Barber1  +841 moreInstitutions (293)
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015, finding several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS.

4,804 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review highlights recent advances in understanding of the intestinal pathotypes of E. coli, which carry an enormous potential to cause disease and continue to present challenges to human health.
Abstract: Although Escherichia coli can be an innocuous resident of the gastrointestinal tract, it also has the pathogenic capacity to cause significant diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases. Pathogenic variants of E. coli (pathovars or pathotypes) cause much morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, pathogenic E. coli is widely studied in humans, animals, food, and the environment. While there are many common features that these pathotypes employ to colonize the intestinal mucosa and cause disease, the course, onset, and complications vary significantly. Outbreaks are common in developed and developing countries, and they sometimes have fatal consequences. Many of these pathotypes are a major public health concern as they have low infectious doses and are transmitted through ubiquitous mediums, including food and water. The seriousness of pathogenic E. coli is exemplified by dedicated national and international surveillance programs that monitor and track outbreaks; unfortunately, this surveillance is often lacking in developing countries. While not all pathotypes carry the same public health profile, they all carry an enormous potential to cause disease and continue to present challenges to human health. This comprehensive review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the intestinal pathotypes of E. coli.

1,097 citations