Corrosion is a major cause of structural deterioration in marine and offshore structures. It affects the life of process equipment and pipelines, and can result in structural failure, leakage, product loss, environmental pollution and the loss of life. Pitting corrosion is regarded as one of the most hazardous forms of corrosion for marine and offshore structures. The total loss of the structure might be very small, but local rate of attack can be very large and can lead to early catastrophic failure. Pitting corrosion is a localized accelerated dissolution of metal that occurs as a result of a breakdown in the protective passive film on the metal surface. It has been studied for many years; however, the structural failure due to pit characteristics is still not fully understood. Accurate pit depth measurements, precise strength assessment techniques, risk analysis due to pitting, and the mathematical relationship of the environmental factors that causes pitting failure are also factors, which need further understanding. Hence this paper focuses on these issues. It reviews and analyses the current understanding of the pitting corrosion mechanism and investigates all possible factors that can cause pitting corrosion. Furthermore, different techniques employed by scientists and researchers to identify and model the pitting corrosion are also reviewed and analysed. Future work should involve an in-depth scientific study of the corrosion mechanism and an engineering predictive model is recommended in order to assess failure, and thereby attempt to increase the remaining life of offshore assets.

Modelling of pitting corrosion in marine and offshore steel structures – A technical review

Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations as powerful tools for study of interfacial adsorption behavior of corrosion inhibitors in aqueous phase: A review

This work provides an overview of the most common polymeric corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industry Exploration, production and transportation of petroleum and natural gas products constantly deal with highly corrosive environments due to oxygen, acid stimulation, CO2 and H2S contamination Therefore, versatile materials are required in order to keep corrosion rates in control Unlike small molecule corrosion inhibitors, polymers possess multi-functionality and better film-forming capabilities, which could significantly improve protective barrier properties In this article, polymeric architectures tested in relevant oil and gas media are compiled in order to highlight certain moieties capable of complex formation with the metal surface or chelation on corrosive agents resulting to improved corrosion inhibition

Polymeric corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industry: Design principles and mechanism

Abstract Over the decades, corrosion has resulted in loss of lives accorded with damage costs in almost all engineering fields. Thus, it is seen as an environmental threat with catastrophic attributes, which calls for day-to-day research on its final resolution. Recent studies have proven organic green corrosion inhibitors (OGCIs) from plant extracts with biodegradable, environmentally accommodative, relatively cheap, and nonharmful features as the most perfect approach of tackling the problem. This review gives succinct discussion on the mechanisms, classifications, and active functional groups of OGCIs. Measuring ways and factors influencing their efficiency are presented. Also, various plant extracts used as OGCIs in preventing material corrosion in corrosive media coupled with their respective findings, applied characterization techniques, and future challenges are presented. The significance of values obtained from simulating presented mathematical models governing OGCI kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption thermodynamics is also included. In conclusion, recommendations that will broaden the usage of OGCIs from plant extracts for inhibiting corrosion of materials are presented for prospective researchers in the field of corrosion.

Organic green corrosion inhibitors (OGCIs): a critical review

Aqueous phase environmental friendly organic corrosion inhibitors derived from one step multicomponent reactions: A review

In order to ensure smooth and uninterrupted flow of oil and gas to the end users, it is imperative for the field operators, pipeline engineers, and designers to be corrosion conscious as the lines and their component fittings would undergo material degradations due to corrosion. This paper gives a comprehensive review of corrosion problems during oil and gas production and its mitigation. The chemistry of corrosion mechanism had been examined with the various types of corrosion and associated corroding agents in the oil and gas industry. Factors affecting each of the various forms of corrosion were also presented. Ways of mitigating this menace with current technology of low costs had been discussed. It was noticed that the principles of corrosion must be understood in order to effectively select materials and to design, fabricate, and utilize metal structures for the optimum economic life of facilities and safety in oil and gas operations. Also, oil and gas materials last longer when both inhibitors and protective coatings are used together than when only batch inhibition was used. However, it is recommended that consultations with process, operations, materials, and corrosion engineers are necessary in the fitness of things to save billions of dollars wasted on corrosion in the oil and gas industries.

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Adebori Saheed Balogun

Papers

Corrosion problems during oil and gas production and its mitigation