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Aditya Abha Singh

Other affiliations: University of Delhi
Bio: Aditya Abha Singh is an academic researcher from Banaras Hindu University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Tropospheric ozone & Ethylene diurea. The author has an hindex of 10, co-authored 13 publications receiving 304 citations. Previous affiliations of Aditya Abha Singh include University of Delhi.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluated maize cultivars showed hormetic effect that is beneficial due to exposure of low doses of a toxicant, but at later stages, growth attributes were negatively affected by O3, and variable carbon allocation pattern particularly to husk leaves, foliar injury, and damage of photosynthetic proteins led to significant reductions in economic yield at higher O3 doses.
Abstract: Rapid industrialization and economic developments have increased the tropospheric ozone (O3) budget since preindustrial times, and presently, it is supposed to be a major threat to crop productivity. Maize (Zea mays L.), a C4 plant is the third most important staple crop at global level with a great deal of economic importance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of two maize cultivars [HQPM1: quality protein maize (QPM)] and [DHM117: nonquality protein maize (NQPM)] to variable O3 doses. Experimental setup included filtered chambers, nonfiltered chambers (NFC), and two elevated doses of O3 viz. NFC+15 ppb O3 (NFC+15) and NFC+30 ppb O3 (NFC+30). During initial growth period, both QPM and NQPM plants showed hormetic effect that is beneficial due to exposure of low doses of a toxicant (NFC and NFC+15 ppb O3), but at later stages, growth attributes were negatively affected by O3. Growth indices showed the variable pattern of photosynthate translocation under O3 stress. Foliar injury in the form of interveinal chlorosis and reddening of leaves due to increased production of anthocyanin pigments was observed at higher concentrations of O3. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis of leaves taken from NFC+30 showed reductions of major photosynthetic proteins, and differential response was observed between the two test cultivars. Decline in the number of male flowers at elevated O3 doses suggested damaging effect of O3 on reproductive structures which might be a cause of productivity losses. Variable carbon allocation pattern particularly to husk leaves, foliar injury, and damage of photosynthetic proteins led to significant reductions in economic yield at higher O3 doses. PCA showed that both the cultivars responded more or less similarly to O3 stress in their respective groupings of growth and yield parameters, but magnitude of their response was variable. It is further supported by difference in the significance of correlations between variables of yield and AOT40. Cultivar response reflects that QPM performed better than NQPM against elevated O3.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Path analysis approach showed that leaf area, plant biomass, stomatal conductance, net assimilation rate, and absolute growth rate were the most important variables influencing yield under O3 stress.
Abstract: Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a well-known threat to global agricultural production. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the second most important staple crop in India, although little is known about intra-specific variability of Indian wheat cultivars in terms of their sensitivity against O3. In this study, 14 wheat cultivars widely grown in India were exposed to 30 ppb elevated O3 above ambient level using open top chambers to evaluate their response against O3 stress. Different growth and physiological parameters, foliar injury and grain yield were evaluated to assess the sensitivity of cultivars and classified them on the basis of their cumulative stress response index (CSRI). Due to elevated O3, growth parameters, plant biomass, and photosynthetic rates were negatively affected, whereas variable reductions in yield were observed among the test cultivars. Based on CSRI values, HD 2987, DBW 50, DBW 77, and PBW 550 were classified as O3 sensitive; HD 2967, NIAW 34, HD 3059, PBW 502, HUW 213, and HUW 251 as intermediately sensitive, while HUW12, KUNDAN, HUW 55, and KHARCHIYA 65 were found to be O3-tolerant cultivars. Cultivars released after year 2000 were found to be more sensitive compared to earlier released cultivars. Path analysis approach showed that leaf area, plant biomass, stomatal conductance, net assimilation rate, and absolute growth rate were the most important variables influencing yield under O3 stress. Findings of the current study highlight the importance of assessing differential sensitivity and tolerance of wheat cultivars and response of different traits in developing resistance against elevated O3.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Assessment of differential response if any in induction of antioxidative defense system, genome stability, leaf proteome, yield and quality of the product in both the test cultivars found reductions in yield and change in the quality of grains were noticed.

57 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Ethylene diurea (EDU) has been the most effective protectant used and has also served as a monitoring agent for assessing plant yield losses from 0 3 exposure, and indicates that EDU should be more widely used on 0 3 sensitive plants as a tool for biomonitoring of 0 3 concentrations.
Abstract: Rapid economic growth, industrialization, urbanization, and improper implementation of environmental regulations have contributed to increased tropospheric O3 levels since preindustrial times, and this increase has produced a serious air pollution problem Apart from being a hazardous air pollutant, O3 has also been recognized as the third major (carbon dioxide and methane) green house gas in terms of additional radiative forcing and climate change (Forster et al 2007) Because of its oxidative capacity, high O3 levels in the atmosphere are detrimental to living organisms, including plants Ozone is among the most damaging air pollutants to which plants are exposed, and produces substantive plant biomass and yield (seed weight) reductions (Thompson 1992; Agrawal et al 2005; Manning 2005; Hassan 2006; Hassan and Tewfik 2006; Singh et al 2009a, 2014; Wahid 2006 a, b; Sarkar and Agrawal 2010a, b; Tripathi and Agrawal 2013) The economic loss for 23 horticultural and agricultural crops from O3 exposure was estimated to be approximately $67 billion for the year 2000 in Europe (Holland et al 2006) Wang and Mauzerall (2004) anticipated economic losses of upto 9 % for four important cereal crops (viz, wheat, rice, maize and soybean) grown in China, South Korea and Japan To minimize such crop losses many potential antioxidants (eg, fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators and plant extracts) have been evaluated Among these, the systemic antioxidant, ethylene diurea, –N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]-N′ phenylurea (popularly known as EDU) was found to be the most effective

48 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of elevated O3 (ambient + 30ppb) on histochemical localisation assay, native-PAGE analysis, metabolites and enzymes of antioxidative and phenylpropanoid pathway as well as on reproductive structures and related yield losses.

41 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XIV and its relation to the natural control of the oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi L.
Abstract: B6nassy, C., 1955. R6marques sur deux Aphelinid6s: Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron et Aphytis proclia Walker. Annls l~piphyt. 6: 11-17. Lord, F. T. & MacPhee, A. W., 1953. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia II. Oyster shell scale. Can. Ent. 79: 196-209. Pickett, A. D., 1946. A progress report on long term spray programs. Rep. Nova Scotia Fruit Grow. Ass. 83 : 27-31. Pickett, A. D., 1967. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XIV. Can. Ent. 97: 816-821. Tothill, J. D., 1918. The predacious mite Hemisarcoptes malus Shimer and its relation to the natural control of the oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Agric. Gaz. Can. 5 : 234-239.

1,506 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Apr 1972
TL;DR: To detect short circuit and insulation faults arising during construction and to confirm the effectiveness of the shielding as it is installed, the probe test should be carried out at frequent intervals during the construction.
Abstract: This chapter discusses a current comparator. The design of the various components of a comparator may be affected by these factors. To detect short circuit and insulation faults arising during construction and to confirm the effectiveness of the shielding as it is installed, the probe test should be carried out at frequent intervals during the construction.

208 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Regression analysis of historical yield, climate, and [O3] data for the United States was used to determine the loss of production due to O3 for maize and soybean from 1980 to 2011, showing that over that period production of rain-fed fields of soybean and maize were reduced by roughly 5% and 10%, respectively, costing approximately $9 billion annually.
Abstract: Numerous controlled experiments find that elevated ground-level ozone concentrations ([O3]) damage crops and reduce yield. There have been no estimates of the actual yield losses in the field in the United States from [O3], even though such estimates would be valuable for projections of future food production and for cost-benefit analyses of reducing ground-level [O3]. Regression analysis of historical yield, climate, and [O3] data for the United States were used to determine the loss of production due to O3 for maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) from 1980 to 2011, showing that over that period production of rain-fed fields of soybean and maize were reduced by roughly 5% and 10%, respectively, costing approximately $9 billion annually. Maize, thought to be inherently resistant to O3, was at least as sensitive as soybean to O3 damage. Overcoming this yield loss with improved emission controls or more tolerant germplasm could substantially increase world food and feed supply at a time when a global yield jump is urgently needed.

155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed and evaluated Adaptive Boosting (Adaboost), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) models using 520 samples of data related to fourteen Groundwater quality parameters in Berrechid aquifer, Morocco.

96 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a high-quality data set of in situ ozone measurements at a suburban site called Mohali in the state of Punjab to estimate ozone-related crop yield losses for wheat, rice, cotton and maize for Punjab and the neighbouring state Haryana for the years 2011-2013.
Abstract: . In this study we use a high-quality data set of in situ ozone measurements at a suburban site called Mohali in the state of Punjab to estimate ozone-related crop yield losses for wheat, rice, cotton and maize for Punjab and the neighbouring state Haryana for the years 2011–2013. We intercompare crop yield loss estimates according to different exposure metrics, such as AOT40 (accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40) and M7 (mean 7-hour ozone mixing ratio from 09:00 to 15:59), for the two major crop growing seasons of kharif (June–October) and rabi (November–April) and establish a new crop-yield–exposure relationship for southern Asian wheat, maize and rice cultivars. These are a factor of 2 more sensitive to ozone-induced crop yield losses compared to their European and American counterparts. Relative yield losses based on the AOT40 metrics ranged from 27 to 41 % for wheat, 21 to 26 % for rice, 3 to 5 % for maize and 47 to 58 % for cotton. Crop production losses for wheat amounted to 20.8 ± 10.4 million t in the fiscal year of 2012–2013 and 10.3 ± 4.7 million t in the fiscal year of 2013–2014 for Punjab and Haryana taken together. Crop production losses for rice totalled 5.4 ± 1.2 million t in the fiscal year of 2012–2013 and 3.2 ± 0.8 million t in the year 2013–2014 for Punjab and Haryana taken together. The Indian National Food Security Ordinance entitles ~ 820 million of India's poor to purchase about 60 kg of rice or wheat per person annually at subsidized rates. The scheme requires 27.6 Mt of wheat and 33.6 Mt of rice per year. The mitigation of ozone-related crop production losses in Punjab and Haryana alone could provide > 50 % of the wheat and ~ 10 % of the rice required for the scheme. The total economic cost losses in Punjab and Haryana amounted to USD 6.5 ± 2.2 billion in the fiscal year of 2012–2013 and USD 3.7 ± 1.2 billion in the fiscal year of 2013–2014. This economic loss estimate represents a very conservative lower limit based on the minimum support price of the crop, which is lower than the actual production costs. The upper limit for ozone-related crop yield losses in all of India currently amounts to 3.5–20 % of India's GDP. The mitigation of high surface ozone would require relatively little investment in comparison to the economic losses incurred presently. Therefore, ozone mitigation can yield massive benefits in terms of ensuring food security and boosting the economy. The co-benefits of ozone mitigation also include a decrease in the ozone-related mortality and morbidity and a reduction of the ozone-induced warming in the lower troposphere.

88 citations