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Adrian C. Newton

Bio: Adrian C. Newton is an academic researcher from James Hutton Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Hordeum vulgare & Biodiversity. The author has an hindex of 74, co-authored 453 publications receiving 21814 citations. Previous affiliations of Adrian C. Newton include Seattle Children's Research Institute & University of Peradeniya.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that T. spinosa cuttings are easy to root, provided thecuttings have leaves to produce current assimilates, and the rate of rooting and the length of the longest root increased.
Abstract: The effect of different leaf areas on the rooting of Terminalia spinosa Engl. cuttings in an non-mist propagation system in glasshouses at Edinburgh was investigated by trimming the leaves to 0, 7.5, 15 and 30 cm2 before cuttings were severed from stockplants. Cuttings were taken to a standard length of 5 cm from the lateral shoots of previously pruned stockplants grown in a tropicalised glasshouse. During the rooting period, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential and relative water content of the cuttings were assessed at regular intervals. It was found that (i) removal of the entire leaf area prevented rooting; (ii) cuttings with a 7.5 cm2, 15 cm2 and 30 cm2 leaf all achieved 80% rooting after 3 weeks; (iii) an increase in leaf area from 7.5 cm2 to 30 cm2 increased the rate of rooting and the length of the longest root after 2 weeks, but also increased the number of original leaves abscised after 6 weeks; and (iv) the greatest number of new leaves were produced by cuttings with 7.5 cm2 and 15 cm2 leaf area per cutting. All leafy cuttings actively photosynthesized during the propagation period, with a mean rate of 2 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 with an irradiance of 100 μmol m-2 s-1. Cuttings with 30 cm2 leaf area had lower relative water contents, lower stomatal conductances and lower photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area than those with a 7.5 cm2 and 15 cm2 leaf. It was concluded that T. spinosa cuttings are easy to root, provided the cuttings have leaves to produce current assimilates.

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the process of non-analogous communities (NACs) formation, with reference to the key processes of immigration and extinction and the potential influence of landscape pattern in the context of a metacommunity framework.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the P-nutrition of winter and spring barley genotypes from an association genetic-mapping population grown in a field trial with different cultivation treatments (conventional plough vs. minimum tillage) which had been established over a number of years.
Abstract: To enhance the sustainability of agriculture it is imperative that the use of P-fertilisers by temperate cereal crops be improved. This can be achieved both by agronomic and genetic approaches. While many studies have demonstrated genotypic variation in P-use efficiency in a number of cereal species the robustness of this genetic variation in contrasting environments is rarely considered. In this paper we describe an experiment in which we compare the P-nutrition of winter and spring barley genotypes from an association genetic-mapping population grown in a field trial with different cultivation treatments (conventional plough vs. minimum tillage) which had been established over a number of years. We demonstrate that, while there is significant variation between genotypes in their P nutrition, this variation is not comparable between cultivation treatments and only one winter barley genotype (cv. Gleam) has beneficial P-use efficiency traits in both cultivation systems. Analysis of the association genetic-mapping population demonstrated that there was a strong environmental component in the genotypic variation, with more significant associations of shoot P concentration with known SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers when the population was grown in minimum tillage treatments. These data suggest that it may be possible to identify genetic components to variation in P nutrition in barley, but that a large interaction with environmental variables may limit the usefulness of any genes or markers discovered for improving P-use efficiency to the conditions under which the screening was performed.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although available data provide little evidence for decline of hydnoid fungi, a number of species display very restricted distributions within Scotland, emphasising the need for further field surveys to define the current status of these fungi with greater accuracy.
Abstract: Summary Stipitate hydnoid (‘tooth’) fungi are considered to be threatened throughout much of central and northern Europe. In response to concern about the status of these fungi in the UK, a Biodiversity Action Plan has been developed for 14 species in this group. As a first step towards implementation of this plan, a number of surveys have been initiated, to determine the current status and distribution of hydnoid fungi. An overview of the results of these surveys is described. A series of distribution maps are presented, based on a compilation of early records and the results of a recent field survey in Scottish coniferous forests. The difficulties of interpreting early records are discussed, with particular reference to the taxonomie confusion that has surrounded this group of fungi. Although available data provide little evidence for decline of hydnoid fungi, a number of species display very restricted distributions within Scotland. The recent discovery of several species new to Britain emphasises the ...

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Attempts to use the RL to support global monitoring of biodiver- sity appear premature, and much greater support needs to be given to collection of primary field data and expert knowledge to accurately ascertain the current status of the world's threatened tree species.
Abstract: The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Threatened Spe- cies™ (RL) is widely recognised as an authoritative assessment of the conservation status of species, yet its coverage is uneven and incomplete. Trees account for approximately 20% of taxa currently included, but most of these were listed a decade ago. Over the last 10 yr, only 879 taxa have been added to the RL database, representing 11% of the number listed in 1998. However, progress has not been as limited as these data suggest. Ten recent assessments of different groups of trees are pro- filed, and the lessons learned from these assessments are summarised. In total, these assessments have evaluated >2500 tree taxa, but only a fraction of these have been added to the RL database, rais- ing concerns about the process of data management. Results indicated that a mean of 42% taxa were classified as threatened. Information on the status and distribution of most tree species is severely lacking, a situation compounded by taxonomic confusion in many groups. As a result, RL assessments will continue to be highly dependent on expert knowledge originating from herbarium data, which, as demonstrated here, tends to result in a relatively high proportion of taxa being listed under RL Cri- teria B1 and B2. Given this situation, attempts to use the RL to support global monitoring of biodiver- sity appear premature, and much greater support needs to be given to collection of primary field data and expert knowledge to accurately ascertain the current status of the world's threatened tree spe- cies.

43 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols used xiii 1.
Abstract: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

14,171 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for "experimenters") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment.
Abstract: THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

13,333 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

7,335 citations

Book
24 Nov 2003
TL;DR: The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) as discussed by the authors is a conceptual framework for analysis and decision-making of ecosystems and human well-being that was developed through interactions among the experts involved in the MA as well as stakeholders who will use its findings.
Abstract: This first report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment describes the conceptual framework that is being used in the MA. It is not a formal assessment of the literature, but rather a scientifically informed presentation of the choices made by the assessment team in structuring the analysis and framing the issues. The conceptual framework elaborated in this report describes the approach and assumptions that will underlie the analysis conducted in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. The framework was developed through interactions among the experts involved in the MA as well as stakeholders who will use its findings. It represents one means of examining the linkages between ecosystems and human well-being that is both scientifically credible and relevant to decision-makers. This framework for analysis and decision-making should be of use to a wide array of individuals and institutions in government, the private sector, and civil society that seek to incorporate considerations of ecosystem services in their assessments, plans, and actions.

2,427 citations