Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Soil Chemical Analysis

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

This first report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment describes the conceptual framework that is being used in the MA. It is not a formal assessment of the literature, but rather a scientifically informed presentation of the choices made by the assessment team in structuring the analysis and framing the issues. The conceptual framework elaborated in this report describes the approach and assumptions that will underlie the analysis conducted in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. The framework was developed through interactions among the experts involved in the MA as well as stakeholders who will use its findings. It represents one means of examining the linkages between ecosystems and human well-being that is both scientifically credible and relevant to decision-makers. This framework for analysis and decision-making should be of use to a wide array of individuals and institutions in government, the private sector, and civil society that seek to incorporate considerations of ecosystem services in their assessments, plans, and actions.

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Ecosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessment

Summary

Yeast cell-wall extracts (YE) had high phytoalexin elicitor activity on soybeans and induced resistance against barley powdery mildew in the normally highly susceptible cv. Golden Promise. Following treatment with YE there was rapid stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and faster formation of papillae in response to attempted fungal penetration. The spray adjuvants Agral and LI-700 each had poor phytoalexin elicitor activity and caused a slight enhancement of papilla formation and a low level of mildew control. The addition of the adjuvant to YE did not affect phytoalexin elicitation on soybeans but significantly enhanced the speed and the extent of PAL activity, papilla formation and mildew control. It is proposed that this is due to greater coverage and improved persistence enabling increased uptake of YE into the barley leaves.

Induction of resistance mechanisms in barley by yeast‐derived elicitors

Reproductive ecology of Aquilaria spp. in Indonesia

Many of the worlds fruit and nut trees are seriously threatened with extinction, according to the newly released Red List of Trees of Central Asia. The list is published by Fauna and Flora International (FFI) in collaboration with BGCI as part of the Global Trees Campaign. The report identifies 44 tree species in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan as globally threatened with extinction, such as Pyrus korshinskyi, pictured left, a pear species identified as Critically Endangered. Many of these species occur in the unique fruit and nut forests of Central Asia  an estimated 90% of which have been destroyed in the past 50 years.

The Red List of trees of Central Asia

Increasing efforts have recently focused on development of indicators for monitoring biodiversity loss, stimulated by development of the “2010 target.” Such efforts have failed to consider Goodhart's Law, which states that once an indicator is made into a policy target, then it will lose the information content that qualifies it to play its role as an indicator. The implications of Goodhart's Law for monitoring biodiversity are examined with specific reference to the IUCN Red List Index (RLI). According to Goodhart's Law, use of the RLI as an indicator could affect how conservation actions are targeted and how the Red List assessment is conducted, potentially undermining the assessment process itself. The use of targets in conservation policy and the associated development of indicators should therefore be undertaken with caution. Specifically, to support monitoring of global biodiversity loss, systems should be put in place to prevent the manipulation of indicators and the assessments on which they are based, to ensure that the information they provide is objective and reliable.

Implications of Goodhart's Law for monitoring global biodiversity loss

This book presents the results of an international research project, which was designed explicitly to examine application of the forest landscape restoration (FLR) approach to dryland forest ecosystems in Latin America. In order for FLR to be transferred into mainstream practice that is adopted and promoted by governments and the private sector, as well as by local communities, information is needed on how the principles of FLR can be implemented in practice, in a cost-effective manner. It is this information need that the project was designed to address. The research focused on seven dryland areas where native forests have been subjected to intense human pressure in recent decades, resulting in severe deforestation and degradation. Each of these areas is characterized by high biodiversity of international conservation importance, with many endemic, threatened species.

Adrian C. Newton

Papers

Induction of resistance mechanisms in barley by yeast‐derived elicitors

Reproductive ecology of Aquilaria spp. in Indonesia

The Red List of trees of Central Asia

Implications of Goodhart's Law for monitoring global biodiversity loss

Principles and practice of forest landscape restoration: case studies from the drylands of Latin America.