Author
Adrian C. Newton
Other affiliations: Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Peradeniya, National University of Comahue ...read more
Bio: Adrian C. Newton is an academic researcher from James Hutton Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Hordeum vulgare & Biodiversity. The author has an hindex of 74, co-authored 453 publications receiving 21814 citations. Previous affiliations of Adrian C. Newton include Seattle Children's Research Institute & University of Peradeniya.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: The generation of free radicals and other paramagnetic species has been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in leaves of barley plants during and after release of drought stress as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The generation of free radicals and other paramagnetic species has been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in leaves of barley plants during and after release of drought stress. Three cultivars were studied; the mlo-resistant spring barley cultivars, Atem and Krona, along with the cultivar Golden Promise, with the wild-type dominant Mlo. In the cultivar Atem, which exhibits a partial loss of resistance to powdery mildew after relief of drought stress, the free radical levels were elevated in the drought-stressed samples compared with those seen in the controls, but they returned rapidly to the control levels after release of the stress. The other two cultivars showed little or no change in the free radical signal for any of the treatments. A sizeable increase in the level of a mononuclear Fe(III) complex was seen in the droughted samples (compared with the levels in the watered controls), and these elevated levels remained after release of the stress. These observations are discussed in the context of molecular processes in the mesophyll cells, where activation of plasma membrane H + -ATPase by 14-3-3 proteins leads to a decrease in pH. This, in turn, perturbs the Fe(II) speciation in favour of more easily oxidized complexes, and results in the generation of the mononuclear Fe(III) complex. The greater change in free radical activity in Atem as a result of drought stress compared with that seen with the other cultivars indicates that it is affected to a greater extent by the stress. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors chart the rise and fall of chemical induced resistance agents, and explore a variety of strategies used to improve their efficacy and remediate their negative adverse effects.
Abstract: Since the discovery that the plant immune system could be augmented for improved deployment against biotic stressors through the exogenous application of chemicals that lead to induced resistance (IR), many such IR-eliciting agents have been identified. Initially it was hoped that these chemical IR agents would be a benign alternative to traditional chemical biocides. However, owing to low efficacy and/or a realization that their benefits sometimes come at the cost of growth and yield penalties, chemical IR agents fell out of favour and were seldom used as crop protection products. Despite the lack of interest in agricultural use, researchers have continued to explore the efficacy and mechanisms of chemical IR. Moreover, as we move away from the approach of 'zero tolerance' toward plant pests and pathogens toward integrated pest management, chemical IR agents could have a place in the plant protection product list. In this review, we chart the rise and fall of chemical IR agents, and then explore a variety of strategies used to improve their efficacy and remediate their negative adverse effects. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) was used to simulate pure cultures of wheat and faba beans using data from Dutch field trials, and determined the phenological parameters of pure cultures and intercrops from seven field experiments across Europe.
22 citations
TL;DR: There was evidence of a positive relationship between high yield loss due to mildew (low disease tolerance) in cultivars grown in monoculture and their yield advantage in mixtures, but fungicide treatment of mixtures gave significant positive and negative effects on yield.
Abstract: Preliminary field trials indicated that the yields of mixtures of barley cultivars partially resistant to mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) were greater than those expected from the mean of their components. Subsequent trials in 1988, 1989 and 1990 demonstrated that such mixtures gave enhanced yield. However, fungicide treatment of mixtures gave significant positive and negative effects on yield. In mixtures with cultivars containing partial resistance there was evidence of a positive relationship between high yield loss due to mildew (low disease tolerance) in cultivars grown in monoculture and their yield advantage in mixtures. The converse resulted in yield disadvantage.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, seven winter barley cultivar monocultures and all their equal proportion mixtures were trialled and data analysed by ANOVA, REML and principal component analyses to determine the contribution of particular varieties or combinations to crop performance.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mixtures of cereal cultivars grown together generally enhance yield and reduce disease but end-users will not accept them for quality uses. Some combinations with very different quality may be problematic, others complementary. The common origin of Maris Otter for quality in winter barley may enable the benefits of complex mixtures to be exploited without quality compromises. RESULTS: Seven winter barley cultivar monocultures and all their equal proportion mixtures were trialled and data analysed by ANOVA, REML and principal component analyses to determine the contribution of particular varieties or combinations to crop performance. Agronomic yield was positively correlated with component number. Pipkin contributed negatively to thousand grain weight (TGW), but positively to several quality traits; Gleam negatively to the same quality traits but strongly positively to yield; and Melanie combined strong yield and TGW characteristics with neutral quality traits. Interactions in mixtures with Maris Otter, from which most of the cultivars are likely to derive some of their quality traits, were less apparent for quality than for yield. CONCLUSIONS: Complex mixtures gave yield benefits generally without compromising quality, and analysis methods were developed to identify the beneficial or negative effects of component cultivars on malting quality traits, thereby providing data for optimising mixtures design. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
22 citations
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TL;DR: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols used xiii 1.
Abstract: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201
14,171 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for "experimenters") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment.
Abstract: THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON
13,333 citations
Book•
24 Nov 2003
TL;DR: The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) as discussed by the authors is a conceptual framework for analysis and decision-making of ecosystems and human well-being that was developed through interactions among the experts involved in the MA as well as stakeholders who will use its findings.
Abstract: This first report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment describes the conceptual framework that is being used in the MA. It is not a formal assessment of the literature, but rather a scientifically informed presentation of the choices made by the assessment team in structuring the analysis and framing the issues. The conceptual framework elaborated in this report describes the approach and assumptions that will underlie the analysis conducted in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. The framework was developed through interactions among the experts involved in the MA as well as stakeholders who will use its findings. It represents one means of examining the linkages between ecosystems and human well-being that is both scientifically credible and relevant to decision-makers. This framework for analysis and decision-making should be of use to a wide array of individuals and institutions in government, the private sector, and civil society that seek to incorporate considerations of ecosystem services in their assessments, plans, and actions.
2,427 citations