Adrian C. Newton

Bio: Adrian C. Newton is an academic researcher from James Hutton Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Hordeum vulgare & Biodiversity. The author has an hindex of 74, co-authored 453 publications receiving 21814 citations. Previous affiliations of Adrian C. Newton include Seattle Children's Research Institute & University of Peradeniya.

Silvicultural management of Hypsipyla species

Abstract: Existing evidence for successful silvicultural control of Hypsipyla spp. is conflicting and to a large extent anecdotal. Levels of attack have been correlated with factors such as shade, planting density, species mixtures, site characteristics, etc. These factors have often been poorly defined and are usually interdependent. The actual mechanisms that determine whether or not Hypsipyla spp. adversely affects plants we define as host-finding, host suitability, host recovery and natural enemies. These mechanisms can be influenced by the silvicultural techniques applied to a stand. Success of silvicultural techniques can usually be attributed to more than one mechanism and it is difficult to assess which is most the important for minimising the impact of Hypsipyla as these analytical data are lacking. This highlights the need for further research on silvicultural methods for controlling Hypsipyla spp. However, several silvicultural techniques that are briefly described show promise for improving the performance of future plantations. Examples of silvicultural control are reviewed with reference to these mechanisms.

Genetic mapping of resistance to Rhynchosporium commune and characterisation of early infection in a winter barley mapping population

Abstract: The genetic basis of resistance to Rhynchosporium commune was investigated in a winter barley mapping population derived from a cross between cultivars Saffron (moderately susceptible) and Retriever (moderately resistant). Resistance was assessed in field trials through total infection (measured using qPCR), and visible disease symptoms. Phenotypic correlations between both methods of assessing disease severity were high. QTL mapping from three years of field trials identified five significant QTL effects. One QTL effect on chromosome 2H confirms a previously reported resistance from a population derived from the spring cultivar Cocktail and a winter parent derived from the cultivars Pearl and Cocktail. Another QTL effect on 3H corresponds to the reported position of major resistance gene Rrs1. An effect was detected at the mapped position of the semi-dwarfing gene sdw-1 despite the fact that neither parent has the semi-dwarf phenotype. Of the remaining two QTL effects, one on 6H may represent a previously reported rhynchosporium resistance (QTLTritonRrs6H271), whilst the final QTL, represents a novel resistance. In addition, interactions during early infection stages in the parental lines were studied by confocal microscopy of detached leaves inoculated with a GFP-expressing R. commune isolate. This approach identified a number of major differences in fungal growth morphology between the resistant and susceptible parent.

The influence of barriers and orientation on the dispersal ability of wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae).

Abstract: Dispersal is an important process determining species spread and survival in fragmented landscapes. However, information on the dispersal ability of woodland-associated invertebrate species is severely lacking. A study was conducted examining the ability of wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) to cross small watercourses and to orientate themselves towards habitat edges. A series of experiments were conducted where juvenile (i.e. nymph) and adult wood crickets were released and observed over time. The results of this investigation indicated that (i) nymphs and adults were equally able to swim across a small (≤35 cm) watercourse; and (ii) adult wood cricket were able to positively orientate themselves towards a mature woodland edge at a visual angle of ≥19°, when less than 50 m away. Together, this investigation suggests that these traits likely facilitate the ability of this species to disperse within fragmented wooded landscapes, however, further study is needed to strengthen the significance of these findings for this and similar species.

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Abstract: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Abstract: THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

Ecosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessment

Abstract: This first report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment describes the conceptual framework that is being used in the MA. It is not a formal assessment of the literature, but rather a scientifically informed presentation of the choices made by the assessment team in structuring the analysis and framing the issues. The conceptual framework elaborated in this report describes the approach and assumptions that will underlie the analysis conducted in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. The framework was developed through interactions among the experts involved in the MA as well as stakeholders who will use its findings. It represents one means of examining the linkages between ecosystems and human well-being that is both scientifically credible and relevant to decision-makers. This framework for analysis and decision-making should be of use to a wide array of individuals and institutions in government, the private sector, and civil society that seek to incorporate considerations of ecosystem services in their assessments, plans, and actions.