Ady Arie

Bio: Ady Arie is an academic researcher from Tel Aviv University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Nonlinear optics & Second-harmonic generation. The author has an hindex of 46, co-authored 344 publications receiving 7800 citations. Previous affiliations of Ady Arie include Applied Materials & Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.

Nonlinear generation and manipulation of Airy beams

Abstract: Airy beams have so far been generated by linear diffractive elements. Now, scientists show that they can also be created by a nonlinear process, opening the door to all-optical beam control and production at wavelengths unavailable by conventional methods.

Generation of electron Airy beams

Abstract: The diffraction of electrons through a nanoscale hologram that imprints a certain phase modulation on the electrons’ wavefunction produces a non-spreading electron Airy beam that follows a parabolic trajectory and can reconstruct its original shape after passing an obstacle. Light, as is widely known, travels in straight lines. Yet a few years ago it was shown that specially tailored light beams can follow a curved trajectory, without spreading. Such beams follow a waveform known from quantum mechanics, called the Airy function, a concept originally developed by the astronomer Sir George Biddell Airy in work on the trajectories of light in rainbows. Now, with the demonstration of Airy beams consisting of free electrons, new possibilities for manipulating electrons are in prospect. Airy electron beam arcs were generated by the diffraction of electrons through a nanoscale hologram, which imprints a specific phase modulation on the electrons' wavefunction. These beams can bend in space without any external force, stay localized over distances of up to 100 metres and self-heal after passing an obstacle. Possible applications include use in high-performance electron microscopes and as a basis for a new type of electron interferometer. Within the framework of quantum mechanics, a unique particle wave packet exists1 in the form of the Airy function2,3. Its counterintuitive properties are revealed as it propagates in time or space: the quantum probability wave packet preserves its shape despite dispersion or diffraction and propagates along a parabolic caustic trajectory, even though no force is applied. This does not contradict Newton’s laws of motion, because the wave packet centroid propagates along a straight line. Nearly 30 years later, this wave packet, known as an accelerating Airy beam, was realized4 in the optical domain; later it was generalized to an orthogonal and complete family of beams5 that propagate along parabolic trajectories, as well as to beams that propagate along arbitrary convex trajectories6. Here we report the experimental generation and observation of the Airy beams of free electrons. These electron Airy beams were generated by diffraction of electrons through a nanoscale hologram7,8,9, which imprinted on the electrons’ wavefunction a cubic phase modulation in the transverse plane. The highest-intensity lobes of the generated beams indeed followed parabolic trajectories. We directly observed a non-spreading electron wavefunction that self-heals10, restoring its original shape after passing an obstacle. This holographic generation of electron Airy beams opens up new avenues for steering electronic wave packets like their photonic counterparts, because the wave packets can be imprinted with arbitrary shapes5 or trajectories6.

Temperature and wavelength dependent refractive index equations for MgO-doped congruent and stoichiometric LiNbO3

Abstract: We present wavelength- and temperature-dependent refractive index equations for 5% MgO-doped congruent PPLN and for 1% MgO-doped stoichiometric PPLN crystals valid for a wide spectral and temperature range. The dispersion equations were derived from quasi-phase-matched nonlinear interactions with these two crystal compositions in the near and mid-infrared. The results show a good agreement with previously published frequency conversion experiments.

Photonic quasicrystals for nonlinear optical frequency conversion.

Abstract: We present a general method for the design of 2-dimensional nonlinear photonic quasicrystals that can be utilized for the simultaneous phase matching of arbitrary optical frequency-conversion processes. The proposed scheme —based on the generalized dual-grid method that is used for constructing tiling models of quasicrystals—gives complete design flexibility, removing any constraints imposed by previous approaches. As an example we demonstrate the design of a color fan —a nonlinear photonic quasicrystal whose input is a single wave at frequency ! and whose output consists of the second, third, and fourth harmonics of !, each in a different spatial direction. The problem of phase matching in the interaction of light waves in nonlinear dielectrics became immediately evident as the first theories describing such interaction were developed [1]. Put simply, nonlinear interaction is severely constrained in dispersive materials because the interacting photons must conserve their total energy and momentum. Even the slightest wave-vector mismatch appears as an oscillating phase that averages out the outgoing waves, hence the term ‘‘phase mismatch.’’ One approach for treating the problem uses the birefringent properties of specific materials and by playing with the polarizations of

Tunable midinfrared source by difference frequency generation in bulk periodically poled KTiOPO4

Abstract: We demonstrate quasi-phase-matched difference frequency generation in periodically poled KTiOPO4. A midinfrared (3.2–3.4 μm) idler with a power level of 0.17 μW is generated by mixing a Nd:YAG laser and tunable external cavity laser near 1550 nm which is amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The wavelength, temperature, and angle tuning characteristics of this device are determined. The experimental results are used to derive a Sellmeier equation with improved accuracy in the midinfrared range for the extraordinary refractive index of flux-grown KTiOPO4.

Flat Optics With Designer Metasurfaces

Abstract: Metamaterials are artificially fabricated materials that allow for the control of light and acoustic waves in a manner that is not possible in nature. This Review covers the recent developments in the study of so-called metasurfaces, which offer the possibility of controlling light with ultrathin, planar optical components. Conventional optical components such as lenses, waveplates and holograms rely on light propagation over distances much larger than the wavelength to shape wavefronts. In this way substantial changes of the amplitude, phase or polarization of light waves are gradually accumulated along the optical path. This Review focuses on recent developments on flat, ultrathin optical components dubbed 'metasurfaces' that produce abrupt changes over the scale of the free-space wavelength in the phase, amplitude and/or polarization of a light beam. Metasurfaces are generally created by assembling arrays of miniature, anisotropic light scatterers (that is, resonators such as optical antennas). The spacing between antennas and their dimensions are much smaller than the wavelength. As a result the metasurfaces, on account of Huygens principle, are able to mould optical wavefronts into arbitrary shapes with subwavelength resolution by introducing spatial variations in the optical response of the light scatterers. Such gradient metasurfaces go beyond the well-established technology of frequency selective surfaces made of periodic structures and are extending to new spectral regions the functionalities of conventional microwave and millimetre-wave transmit-arrays and reflect-arrays. Metasurfaces can also be created by using ultrathin films of materials with large optical losses. By using the controllable abrupt phase shifts associated with reflection or transmission of light waves at the interface between lossy materials, such metasurfaces operate like optically thin cavities that strongly modify the light spectrum. Technology opportunities in various spectral regions and their potential advantages in replacing existing optical components are discussed.

Photonic crystals

Abstract: The term photonic crystals appears because of the analogy between electron waves in crystals and the light waves in artificial periodic dielectric structures. During the recent years the investigation of one-, two-and three-dimensional periodic structures has attracted a widespread attention of the world optics community because of great potentiality of such structures in advanced applied optical fields. The interest in periodic structures has been stimulated by the fast development of semiconductor technology that now allows the fabrication of artificial structures, whose period is comparable with the wavelength of light in the visible and infrared ranges.

Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

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A Three-Color, Solid-State, Three-Dimensional Display

Abstract: A three-color, solid-state, volumetric display based on two-step, two-frequency upconversion in rare earth-doped heavy metal fluoride glass is described. The device uses infrared laser beams that intersect inside a transparent volume of active optical material to address red, green, and blue voxels by sequential two-step resonant absorption. Three-dimensional wire-frame images, surface areas, and solids are drawn by scanning the point of intersection of the lasers around inside of the material. The prototype device is driven with laser diodes, uses conventional focusing optics and mechanical scanners, and is bright enough to be seen in ambient room lighting conditions. QuickTime movie of the three-dimensional display.