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Aghogho Ikedje

Bio: Aghogho Ikedje is an academic researcher from University of Benin. The author has contributed to research in topics: Trichuris trichiura & Ascaris lumbricoides. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 6 citations.

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TL;DR: The source of water, type of toilet and presence of diarrhoea significantly affected the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among artisans, and A. lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasitic agent recovered in this study.
Abstract: Context: Human intestinal parasites have always been a major health problem in the developing countries. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among artisans and establishes a relationship between the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and risk-factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 353 participants which consisted of 272 males and 81 females were recruited for this study with age ranging from 18 to 65 years. Stool specimens were collected from the participants and analysed using the standard technique. The data obtained were analysed using Chi-square (χ2 ) to compare the frequency data while the odd ratio was calculated for potential risk factors. Results: Out of 353 subjects, 118 (33.4%) subjects had intestinal parasitic infections. Age, gender, marital status, occupation, educational status and source of food did not significantly affect (P = 0.219, P = 0.920, P = 0.276, P = 0.087, P = 0.074 and P = 0.442, respectively) the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections. The use of well/rain water (odds ratio [OR] =2.721; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.452, 5.100; P = 0.002) and presence of diarrhoea (OR = 6.169; 95% CI = 3.665, 10.474; P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections among artisans. Defecating in nearby bushes resulted in a significantly increased prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among artisans (P < 0.0001). The intestinal parasites recovered were Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Entamoeba histolytica. A. lumbricoides had the highest prevalence (77.8%). The male gender had the highest prevalence in all the four intestinal parasites recovered in this study. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of 34.4% of intestinal parasitic infections was observed among artisans in Benin City. The source of water, type of toilet and presence of diarrhoea significantly affected the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among artisans. A. lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasitic agent recovered in this study.

6 citations


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TL;DR: Based on the current findings, IPIs particularly helminthic cases have been declined during the past decades, therefore, health education and improving facilities environmental especially in rural and semi-urban areas can be helpful.
Abstract: Background: Nowadays, intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are one of the most common and serious public health problems, which affected 3.5 billion people worldwide, especially in developing countries. During the time of distribution, the pattern of disease may alter as a result of changing the life style of residents. Objectives: The current study was aimed to determine the prevalence of IPIs in the town of Haftkel, southwest Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 13698 stool specimens were collected during 2010 - 2013. For all samples, both direct smear and formalin ether concentration methods were done. Finally data analysis was performed using SPSS version 11.0.1 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: 658 (4.8%) out of 13698 specimens were positive for IPIs and Giardia lamblia was detected in 433 (3.16%) samples as the commonest parasite. Other parasites were included: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (0.7%), E. coli (0.56%), E. hartmanni (0.21%), Blastocystis hominis (0.1%), Hymenolepis nana (0.04%), Taenia spp (0.014%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.007%). A decreasing trend was observed in the prevalence of intestinal parasites in which the frequency was 281 (6.42%) cases in 2010 and declined to 114 (3.83) in 2013. The maximum and minimum infection was seen in the summer season (34.35%) and winter (15.35%), respectively. Furthermore, the number of infected men was significantly higher than women (64.5% against 35.5%). Interestingly, no hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura eggs were seen in the current study. Conclusions: Based on the current findings, IPIs particularly helminthic cases have been declined during the past decades. Therefore, health education and improving facilities environmental especially in rural and semi-urban areas can be helpful.

22 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicated that the intestinal parasites, particularly helminth infections have been significantly declined in recent years.
Abstract: Background: Intestinal parasites of humans are one of the most important health problems worldwide, especially those located in tropical and subtropical areas. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of intestinal parasites in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, in different parts of Iran. Patients and Methods: A total of 1520 stool samples were collected from patients with gastrointestinal disorders. The stool specimens were examined by direct wet mount, formalin-ether concentration and a modified version of the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Amoeba-positive samples were cultured for further differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar, E. moshkovskii. DNA-based methods were used to differentiate these amoebas and to detect Cryptosporidium- positive samples. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS ver. 16. Results: Out of the 1520 individuals studied, 153 (10.06%) were infected at least with one intestinal parasite. 781 (51.4%) of patients were male and 738 (48.6%) were female. The prevalence of protozoan parasites 148 (9.7%) was significantly higher than helminth parasites 5 (0.3%) (P < 0.001). The frequency of intestinal parasites was as follows: Blastocystis sp., 72 (4.73%); Giardia intestinalis, 35 (2.30%); Entamoeba coli 21 (1.38%); Endolimax nana 10 (0.92%); Cryptosporidium spp., 1 (0.06%); Entamoeba dispar, 1 (0.06%); Dientamoeba fragilis, 1 (0.06%); Hymenolepis nana, 3 (0.19%); Dicrocoelium dendriticum, 2 (0.13%). In five (0.32%) of the positive samples, co-infections with two parasites were found. G. intestinalis was more prevalent in male 22/35 (62.86%) than female 13/35 (37.14%) as well as in 0-9 years old group. In one sample Heterodera ova contained larva were seen. Conclusions: Blastocystis and G. intestinalis were the predominant intestinal parasites detected in patient with gastrointestinal disorders. The results indicated that the intestinal parasites, particularly helminth infections have been significantly declined in recent years.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Yaro et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the spatial and potential distribution of Soil-Transmitted Helminthes (STH) infection in Nigeria using DIVA-GIS software.
Abstract: Background and Objective: Soil transmitted helminthes (STH) infection affects more than two billion people worldwide with Nigeria having the highest burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined the spatial and potential distribution of STHs in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Secondary data were assessed from 98 journals and the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms were extracted from them. The spatial distribution of the parasites was performed using DIVA-GIS software. The climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) and elevation variable (altitude) were used in the modeling of the parasites using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling tool. Results: The average prevalence of A. lumbricoides, Hookworms and T. trichiura in Nigeria is 25.17%, 16.86% and 9.74% respectively. Delta State (62.08%) had the highest infection of A. lumbricoides followed by Oyo (55.50%) and Kano (44.40%) while 14 states had prevalence of below 20.0%. Akwa Ibom and Kano States had the highest average prevalence of 55.80% for hookworm infections. Delta, Oyo and Benue States had prevalence of 38.08%, 35.80%, and 35.40% respectively while 22 states had prevalence of hookworm below 20.0%. T. trichiura had the least average prevalence among the three STHs. Akwa Ibom State had the highest prevalence for this parasite with 40.40% followed by Lagos, Delta and Kwara States with prevalence values of 24.85%, 24.05% and 23.37% respectively. Other states in the Federation had prevalence values of less than 12% with Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja and Borno States having the least prevalence of 0.80 and 0.90% respectively. The potential distribution that reveals than southern Nigeria has been at high risk of infections. Precipitations of the wettest month, altitude, precipitation of the warmest quarter are the major environmental variables that affect the distribution of STH. Conclusion: Nigeria is characterized by varying prevalence of STHs. All states in Nigeria are endemic for STHs. Southern Nigeria was observed to have higher prevalence of STHs due How to cite this paper: Yaro, C.A., Kogi, E. and Luka, S.A. (2018) Spatial Distribution and Modeling of Soil Transmitted Helminthes Infection in Nigeria. Advances in Infectious Diseases, 8, 82-107. https://doi.org/10.4236/aid.2018.82010 Received: July 24, 2017 Accepted: June 22, 2018 Published: June 25, 2018 Copyright © 2018 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Prevalence of intestinal helminth infections in Nigeria has not declined since the1970s and the factors identified for the high prevalence include socio-economic status, culture and ignorance; attitudes and behaviours toward hygiene and sanitation are also critical.
Abstract: This study critically reviewed the spatial distributions of helminth infections in Nigeria within the last decade (2005-2015) and the need for urgent interventions in order to protect the susceptible populations against its morbidity and mortality This study revealed that prevalence of intestinal helminth in the country has not declined since the1970s Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent helminth in the Southwestern (21%) and South-southern (13%) parts of Nigeria Hookworm was the most prevalent helminth infection in the Southeastern (19%) while multiple infections were highly prevalent in Northern Nigeria (25% in North-central and 19% in the Northeast and Northwest, respectively) Cases of Taenia sp and Schistosoma mansoni infections were high in the Northeast and Northwest of Nigeria (8% and 6%, respectively) Nigeria has benefited from the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programme for over thirty years in the aspects of enhanced capacity building for applying personal hygiene and sanitation, improved water sources and provision of sanitation facilities and the National Emergency Group for coordination of emergency preparedness and response for WASH-related diseases Despite the WASH interventions, prevalence of helminth infections in Nigeria is still very high and alarming The factors identified for the high prevalence include socio-economic status, culture and ignorance; attitudes and behaviours toward hygiene and sanitation are also critical Keywords : spatial, prevalence, helminthes, water, hygiene, sanitation, Nigeria

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Out of 230 samples of infectious diarrhea, five cases of Giardia lamblia and no cases of Entamoeba histolytica were identified using the formalin-ether sedimentation method and the same result were obtained using PCR technique.
Abstract: Out of 230 samples of infectious diarrhea, five cases (2.1%) of Giardia lamblia and no cases (0%) of Entamoeba histolytica were identified using the formalin-ether sedimentation method and the same result were obtained using PCR technique. Of the five patients who had Giardia lamblia, three (60%) were male and two (40%) were female. The most common clinical symptoms in these patients were stomach ache and diarrhea (100%) and mucus in the stool (80%).

3 citations