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Aiping Le

Bio: Aiping Le is an academic researcher from Nanchang University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Immunology. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 1128 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall, the data indicate that, similar to SARS in 2002–03, Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19 are similar to that of SARS.
Abstract: www.thelancet.com/infection Published online March 19, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30232-2 1 day of disease onset at the time of sampling. The DCt values of severe cases remained significantly lower for the first 12 days after onset than those of corresponding mild cases (figure A). We also studied serial samples from 21 mild and ten severe cases (figure B). Mild cases were found to have an early viral clearance, with 90% of these patients repeatedly testing negative on RT-PCR by day 10 post-onset. By contrast, all severe cases still tested positive at or beyond day 10 postonset. Overall, our data indicate that, similar to SARS in 2002–03, Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19

1,447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The immune characteristics of COVID-19 and biomarkers to predict the severity of this disease and the observations encourage future research to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and to improve treatment outcome of CO VID-19.
Abstract: This single-center, retrospective study aimed to explore the immune characteristics of COVID-19 and biomarkers to predict the severity of this disease. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 215) treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 24 to March 12, 2020, were included in the study and classified into severe and non-severe groups. Peripheral immunocyte count and cytokine statuses were compared. The correlation between immune status, cytokine levels, and disease severity was analyzed. Leukocyte numbers were normal in both groups; however, they were relatively high (7.19 × 109/L) in patients of the severe group. Leukocyte distributions differed between the two groups; the severe group had a higher percentage of neutrophils and lower percentage of lymphocytes compared with the non-severe group, and absolute lymphocyte numbers were below normal in both groups, and particularly deficient in patients in the severe group. Lymphocyte counts have negative correlation with duration of hospital period whereas neutrophil count has no significant correlation with it. Of tested cytokines, IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the severe group (P = 0.0418). Low level of lymphocyte predicts severity of COVID-19. IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the severe group, especially in some extremely severe patients. But we did not detect the significant correlation between severity of COVID-19 with IL-6 level which may be due to limited case numbers. Our observations encourage future research to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and to improve treatment outcome of COVID-19.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that inducing pyroptosis is a novel mechanism underlying the anti-leukemia effects of curcumin.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Curcumin, the primary bioactive component isolated from turmeric, has been found to possess a variety of biological functions, including anti-leukemia activity. However, the effect of curcumin in different leukemia cells vary. In this study, we demonstrated that curcumin induced the expression of AIM2, IFI16, and NLRC4 inflammasomes in leukemia cells U937 by increasing the expression levels of ISG3 transcription factor complex, which activated caspase 1, promoted cleavage of GSDMD, and induced pyroptosis. We also found that pyroptosis executor GSDMD was not expressed in two curcumin-insensitive cells HL60 and K562 cells. In addition, exogenous overexpression of GSDMD by lentiviral transduction in K562 cells increased the anti-cancer activity of curcumin, and inhibiting the expression of GSDMD by shRNA enhanced U937 cells to resist curcumin. The results showed that inducing pyroptosis is a novel mechanism underlying the anti-leukemia effects of curcumin.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the role of Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSss) was investigated.
Abstract: In this study, we probed into the related mechanism underlying the role of Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) in RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLSs). We constructed a mouse model of RA using the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) method. Gain‐ or loss‐of‐function approaches were used to manipulate matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE), and toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) in both CIA mice and RA‐FLSs following treatment with TIIA to study the in vivo and in vitro effect of TIIA through analysis of cell viability, and measurement of autophagy and inflammatory proteins as well as severity of RA. In vitro and in vivo animal experiments results showed that TIIA could inhibit the proliferation of RA‐FLSs and affect autophagy, thereby improving the symptoms of RA in mice. Mechanically, TIIA could inhibit the expression of MMP9 in RA‐FLSs, thereby inhibiting the shedding of RAGE and thus inhibiting the activation of TLR9. Finally, animal experiments confirmed that TIIA affected autophagy by regulating the MMP9/RAGE/TLR9 axis, and finally improve the symptoms of RA in mice. Conclusively, TIIA may inhibit expression of MMP9 to suppress the combination of RAGE and TLR9, thereby inhibiting RA‐FLS proliferation and affecting autophagy, eventually improve the RA.

2 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors studied the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of HLA-A2-induced acute lung injury (TRALI) via polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation.

1 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
31 Mar 2020-Science
TL;DR: A mathematical model for infectiousness was developed to estimate the basic reproductive number R0 and to quantify the contribution of different transmission routes and the requirements for successful contact tracing, and the combination of two key parameters needed to reduce R0 to less than 1 was determined.
Abstract: The newly emergent human virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) is resulting in high fatality rates and incapacitated health systems. Preventing further transmission is a priority. We analyzed key parameters of epidemic spread to estimate the contribution of different transmission routes and determine requirements for case isolation and contact tracing needed to stop the epidemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 is spreading too fast to be contained by manual contact tracing, it could be controlled if this process were faster, more efficient, and happened at scale. A contact-tracing app that builds a memory of proximity contacts and immediately notifies contacts of positive cases can achieve epidemic control if used by enough people. By targeting recommendations to only those at risk, epidemics could be contained without resorting to mass quarantines ("lockdowns") that are harmful to society. We discuss the ethical requirements for an intervention of this kind.

2,340 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current knowledge about this disease is reviewed and the potential explanation of the different symptomatology between children and adults is considered.

1,390 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Streamlining of workflows for rapid diagnosis and isolation, clinical management, and infection prevention will matter not only to patients with COVID-19, but also to health-care workers and other patients who are at risk from nosocomial transmission.

1,147 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this interim analysis of a phase 2 trial, one of three doses of neutralizing antibody LY-CoV555 appeared to accelerate the natural decline in viral load over time, whereas the other doses had not by day 11.
Abstract: Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), which is most frequently mild yet can be severe and life-threatening. Vi...

1,081 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: Although SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in respiratory and stool samples can be prolonged, duration of viable virus is relatively short-lived.
Abstract: Summary Background Viral load kinetics and duration of viral shedding are important determinants for disease transmission. We aimed to characterise viral load dynamics, duration of viral RNA shedding, and viable virus shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in various body fluids, and to compare SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral dynamics. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Europe PubMed Central, medRxiv, and bioRxiv, and the grey literature, for research articles published between Jan 1, 2003, and June 6, 2020. We included case series (with five or more participants), cohort studies, and randomised controlled trials that reported SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV infection, and reported viral load kinetics, duration of viral shedding, or viable virus. Two authors independently extracted data from published studies, or contacted authors to request data, and assessed study quality and risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. We calculated the mean duration of viral shedding and 95% CIs for every study included and applied the random-effects model to estimate a pooled effect size. We used a weighted meta-regression with an unrestricted maximum likelihood model to assess the effect of potential moderators on the pooled effect size. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020181914. Findings 79 studies (5340 individuals) on SARS-CoV-2, eight studies (1858 individuals) on SARS-CoV, and 11 studies (799 individuals) on MERS-CoV were included. Mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was 17·0 days (95% CI 15·5–18·6; 43 studies, 3229 individuals) in upper respiratory tract, 14·6 days (9·3–20·0; seven studies, 260 individuals) in lower respiratory tract, 17·2 days (14·4–20·1; 13 studies, 586 individuals) in stool, and 16·6 days (3·6–29·7; two studies, 108 individuals) in serum samples. Maximum shedding duration was 83 days in the upper respiratory tract, 59 days in the lower respiratory tract, 126 days in stools, and 60 days in serum. Pooled mean SARS-CoV-2 shedding duration was positively associated with age (slope 0·304 [95% CI 0·115–0·493]; p=0·0016). No study detected live virus beyond day 9 of illness, despite persistently high viral loads, which were inferred from cycle threshold values. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the upper respiratory tract appeared to peak in the first week of illness, whereas that of SARS-CoV peaked at days 10–14 and that of MERS-CoV peaked at days 7–10. Interpretation Although SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in respiratory and stool samples can be prolonged, duration of viable virus is relatively short-lived. SARS-CoV-2 titres in the upper respiratory tract peak in the first week of illness. Early case finding and isolation, and public education on the spectrum of illness and period of infectiousness are key to the effective containment of SARS-CoV-2. Funding None.

1,061 citations