Author
AK Pal
Bio: AK Pal is an academic researcher from Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. The author has contributed to research in topics: Surface roughness & Crystallite. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 4 publications receiving 326 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new formulation and method are presented for evaluating bandgap, optical transitions and optical constants from the reflectance data for films deposited onto a non-absorbing substrate, which can be used to evaluate the optical properties of the films.
241 citations
TL;DR: A modified formulation and new method have been suggested to derive meaningful information on the optical constants, grain size and grain distribution of polycrystalline thin films where surface roughness plays an important part through the contributions arising out of scattered transmission and diffuse reflection.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optical properties of copper-indium-diselenide films in the wavelength range of 500-3000 nm were analyzed in the light of existing theories and indicated a Burstein-Moss shift in these films.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the grain boundary potential, the density of trap states and the carrier concentration of the films can be obtained by measuring reflectances of the film deposited on non-absorbing substrates.
26 citations
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TL;DR: This review captures the synthesis, assembly, properties, and applications of copper chalcogenide NCs, which have achieved significant research interest in the last decade due to their compositional and structural versatility.
Abstract: This review captures the synthesis, assembly, properties, and applications of copper chalcogenide NCs, which have achieved significant research interest in the last decade due to their compositional and structural versatility. The outstanding functional properties of these materials stems from the relationship between their band structure and defect concentration, including charge carrier concentration and electronic conductivity character, which consequently affects their optoelectronic, optical, and plasmonic properties. This, combined with several metastable crystal phases and stoichiometries and the low energy of formation of defects, makes the reproducible synthesis of these materials, with tunable parameters, remarkable. Further to this, the review captures the progress of the hierarchical assembly of these NCs, which bridges the link between their discrete and collective properties. Their ubiquitous application set has cross-cut energy conversion (photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics), en...
636 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a non-crystalline thin films of chalcogenide Cd 50 S 50−x Se x system were obtained by thermal evaporation technique onto a pre-cleaned glass substrate at a vacuum of 8.2 × 10 −4 ǫ.
412 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a high-yield, low-cost synthesis route to colloidal colloidal Cu1-xInS2 nanocrystals with a tunable amount of Cu vacancies in the crystal lattice was reported.
Abstract: We report a high-yield, low cost synthesis route to colloidal Cu1-xInS2 nanocrystals with a tunable amount of Cu vacancies in the crystal lattice These are then converted into quaternary Cu–In–Zn–S (CIZS) nanocrystals by partial exchange of Cu+ and In3+ cations with Zn2+ cations The photoluminescence quantum yield of these CIZS nanocrystals could be tuned up to a record 80%, depending on the amount of copper vacancies
288 citations
28 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, electron beam induced current (EBIC) and synchrotron based x-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements were compared with varying gallium ratios and growth methods.
Abstract: Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells were characterized in cross section using electron beam induced current (EBIC) and synchrotron based x-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements. Samples with varying gallium ratios and growth methods were compared. A correlation was observed between the compositional gallium grading profile from XRF and carrier activity seen in EBIC through the thickness of the CIGS layer. Samples with steep back grading showed carrier activity isolated near the CIGS/CdS interface, whereas a more uniform grading resulted in carrier activity seen throughout the absorber layer. 'Notch' grading showed only slight variation in EBIC profile compared to a back graded sample with similar gallium ratios.
146 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a reproducible direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering technique was used to synthesize CuO polycrystalline thin films for solar cells, which were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Xray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical spectroscope, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopic techniques.
121 citations