Akhondi Mohammad Mehdi

Bio: Akhondi Mohammad Mehdi is an academic researcher from Avicenna Research Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fertility preservation & Indoline. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 6 publications receiving 27 citations.

Alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) Catalyzed Multicomponent Transformation: Simple, Efficient, and Green Route to Synthesis of Functionalized Spiro[chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐5,3′‐indoline]‐tetraones in Ionic Liquid Media

Abstract: The combination of isatin, barbituric acid, and cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives in the presence of alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) as a catalyst for 15 min was found to be a suitable and efficient method for the synthesis of spiro[chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5,3′-indoline]-tetraones.

Fertility preservation in men after cancer treatment; a review article

Abstract: Some cases of male infertility are due to the destructive side-effects of anticancer treatment methods such as chemo and radiotherapies on germ cell lines. The increase in the survival rate of cancer patients who undergo treatment, especially children, has drawn attention to fertility preservation. The most common and effective technique in preserving male fertility is sperm freezing and its subsequent IVF. Children cannot efficiently produce sperm because of their spermatogonial immaturity. One of the strategies to maintain fertility in these patients is to preserve the testes or the germ cells by freezing them for their later maturation and production of fertile sperm, although the state in which the spermatogonia may not undergo maturation is one of the main obstacles faced in this method. Therefore, scientists have attempted to transplant cryopreserved testis tissues or produce in vitro-matured spermatozoa in this group of patients upon anticancer treatment. In this study we reviewed the germ cell biology, the side-effects of chemo and radiotherapies on germ cells and fertility preservation techniques in adults and children undergoing anticancer treatment.

Common Techniques for Preserving Fertility in Girls and Young Women Undergoing Cancer Treatment

Abstract: Current protocols for cancer treatment could lead to the failure of ovarian function and subsequent infertility in women. Therefore, utilizing ways to preserve fertility in these individuals seem to be essential. In this review, the full-text of articles which were accessible and had been published during 1976 to 2009 about different methods of female fertility preservation were collected and studied through various online databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, etc. According to the reviewed articles, there are several methods for fertility preservation in women, including ovarian transposition and oocyte, embryo and ovarian cortex cryopreservation. Ovarian transposition is not useful for preserving fertility in women who undergo chemo- therapy. Embryo and oocyte cryopreservations require a delay before starting treat- ment. Metaphase II oocytes are high-volume and fully-differentiated cells which may sustain injury due to the freezing process restricting the number of collected oocytes and reducing the chances of fertility. On the other hand, ovarian stimulation and oocyte collection are not practical in young patients, especially in underage girls. In addition to the restrictions on the number of collected embryos and the raised legal and ethical issues, embryo crypreservation is limited to adults and married women. In comparison to other methods, cryopreservation of the ovarian cortex seems to be more appropriate as ovarian tissue is resistant to cryopreservation and it is easy to be collected by laprascopy, making it practical for use in premature girls. Furthermore, the large number of follicles in the ovarian tissue increases the chances of fertility preservation in women. In general, several parameters including the type, time and duration of treatment, cancer type, age and marital status determine the efficacy of each method.

Cloning and interfering factors

Abstract: Background: The term "Cloning" has originated from "Klon", a Greek word with the meaning of a small twig that can multiply by itself and turn to a generative tree. Cloning is an asexual reproduction in which a copy or multiple copies of an organism are generated by transferring the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte. Despite the benefits and potentially broad applications of this technology, its low efficiency, especially in the production of viable offspring, has implicated its application with serious challenges. In this article, we will review papers related to its emerging principles, with an emphasis on epigenetic modifications, which appear to govern the efficiency of cloning. Methods: The literature review was carried out by searching through knowledge-based data bases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed and Scopus on the internet. No time limit was considered for literature review of the relevant articles up to the time of submission. Results: Considering the large varieties of factors affecting cloning, improvements in cloning efficiency are dependent on the increment of theoretical knowledge and technical expertise of its procedures. This can be achieved by improving oocyte and cytoplasmic maturation, optimizing synchronization between the nucleus of the donor cell and cytoplasm of MII stage oocyte, minimizing the physical insults to the cytoskeleton of oocyte during enucleation and nuclear transfer, improving the cellular fusion and culture conditions of reconstructed oocytes and in particular and more importantly by employing effective methods to qualitatively alter the epigenetic status of the incoming nucleus to an embryonic or totipotent state, leading to the improvement of donor cell reprogramming. Considering the importance of inherited maternal transcripts and proteins in cytoplasm of fully matured oocytes in supporting the embryos up to the embryonic genomic activation (EGA) and the capability of MII stage cytoplasm in de- differentiating mammalian somatic cells and coincident of EGA with depletion of maternally originated transcripts, reprogramming of the somatic cell nuclei must be completed by the time that the embryonic genome is activated. Since the patterns of epigenetic modification are dynamic and not static during development, the optimum procedure to properly induce nuclear reprogramming should follow the pattern of epigenetic modifications in normal embryo development. Conclusion: Besides the all progresses in reproductive cloning using highly efficient methods, any deviation from the normal pattern of mRNA expression due to epigenetic changes induced by chemical interventions in early preimplantation embryo may persist throughout fetal development. The effects of these aberrations may manifest later in development. Nonetheless, understanding the kinetics of normal molecular events related to epigenetic modifications and identification of the specific factors present in the ooplasm, which are necessary for epigenetic reprogramming, will provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and would improve cloning efficiency and other related technologies.

Molecular diversity of spirooxindoles. Synthesis and biological activity

Abstract: Spirooxindoles are important synthetic targets possessing extended biological activity and drug discovery applications. This review focuses on the various strategies for the enantioselective synthesis of spirocyclic oxindoles relying on reports over the past decade and from earlier work. The spirooxindoles in this review are separated into three structural classes, and then further categorized into the method type from which the spirocycle is generated.

Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles: An Efficient and Reusable Nanocatalyst for a Green One-Pot, Three-component Synthesis of Spirooxindoles in Water

Abstract: A green reaction of isatins, active cyanomethanes, and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives for the efficient and simple one-pot three-component synthesis of spirooxindole fused heterocycles in refluxing water by use of magnetically recoverable and reusable catalyst is reported. The features of this procedure are, the use of magnetically recoverable and reusable catalyst, mild reaction conditions, high to excellent product yields, operational simplicity, and easy workup procedures. Most importantly of all, easy magnetic separation of the catalyst eliminates the requirement of catalyst filtration after completion of the reaction. Furthermore, the catalyst remained highly active even after 5 repeated uses.

One-pot, three-component synthesis of a library of spirooxindole-pyrimidines catalyzed by magnetic nanoparticle supported dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid in aqueous media.

Abstract: Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-DDBSA) were readily prepared and identified as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of a library of spirooxindole-pyrimidine derivatives by three-component condensation reaction of barbituric acids, isatins and cyclohexane-1,3-diones. The aqueous reaction medium, easy recovery of the catalyst using an external magnet, and high yields make the protocol sustainable and economic.

Recent applications of barbituric acid in multicomponent reactions

Abstract: Barbituric acid has been utilized in the design and synthesis of diverse types of heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds and considered as an important building block in organic synthesis. There is a wide range of multicomponent reactions that include barbituric acid as starting material. This article aims to review the chemistry of barbituric acids employed in the design and synthesis of different types of compounds during the period from 2011 to 2015.