Akio Sugino

TL;DR: It is postulate that the nalA gene product occurs in two molecular forms, as Pnal and as a gyrase component, and inhibition of this activity by nalidixic and oxolinic acids may account for the inhibition of DNA synthesis by these drugs.

TL;DR: A novel replication complex, GINS, in budding yeast, consisting of Sld5, Psf1 (partner of Sll five 1), Psf2, and Psf3 proteins, all of which are highly conserved in eukaryotic cells is described.

TL;DR: It is postulate that ATP and App[NH]p are allosteric effectors of a conformational change of gyrase that leads to one round of supercoiling and that cyclic conformational changes accompanying alteration in nucleotide affinity also seem to be a common feature of energy transduction in other diverse processes including muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation.

TL;DR: If discontinuous synthesis of DNA could occur in vivo, short stretches could be synthesized by a reaction in the 5' to 3' direction and subsequently connected to the growing polynucleotide chain by formation of phosphodiester linkages.

TL;DR: This work presents a meta-anatomy of DNA replication and its role in disease and Immunity that has never been seen before in the clinic and shows clear patterns in the immune response to various types of viruses.