Alan Rix

Bio: Alan Rix is an academic researcher from University of Queensland. The author has contributed to research in topics: Politics & Government. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 20 publications receiving 199 citations.

Japan's foreign aid challenge : policy reform and aid leadership

Abstract: 1. The Philosophy of Japan's Foreign Aid 2. Aid at Home: Public Response and Pressure Groups 3. The Real Challenge: Reforming Japan's Aid Administration 4. Policy Innovation in Japanese Aid 5. Ties that Bind: Japanese Aid and Asia 6. Japan and Foreign Aid Leadership

Japan's foreign aid policy : a capacity for leadership?

Abstract: TN 1989 Japan was set to become the largest donor of foreign aid within the OECD's (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Development Assistance Committee (DAC). An expenditure of US$9,134 million in 1988 was a substantial achievement, sinceJapan's Official Development Assistance (ODA) was only US$2,600 million in 1979 and Japan was then regarded as ajunior player in the aid stakes. Such a change in Japan's status as an aid donor brings with it a change in international expectations ofJapan regarding its responsibilities to the international aid community, especially in terms of its donor policies, and its responsibilities to the international financial institutions and to the recipient nations themselves. Japan's aid activities have, over the years, attracted much comment. Approval from other donors is now strong' but criticism is still commonly heard, particularly with regard to the quality of aid. This paper is concerned withJapan's actions as a donor, and whetherJapan has been able to show "leadership" in aid policy. HasJapan taken positive initiatives in aid? Has Japan helped shape international aid policy? Is Japan already considered a "leader" in the foreign aid field?

The Australia-Japan Political Alignment : 1952 to the Present

Abstract: 1. The First Political Links: Resolving Wartime Issues 2. Issues and Styles: Prime Ministers and Dimplomacy 3. Resolving Disputes: Some Key Australia-Japan Negotiations 4. The Machinery of Dimplomacy: Managing the Relationship 5. The Pressure of Public Opinion: The Japanese Presence and the Public Debate 6. Australia, Japan and International Cooperation 7. Keeping the Region Safe: Defence and Security in the Australia-Japan Relationship Conclusion: Perfect Partners?

Japan's Foreign Aid: Old Continuities and New Directions

Abstract: List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Preface and acknowledgments 1 Introduction Part I: Donor Viewpoints 2 The World Bank, Japan, and Aid Effectiveness Kevin Morrison 3 Japanese and British Overseas Aid Compared David Seddon 4 Swedish Perceptions of Japanese ODA Marie Soderberg 5 An Overview of Japanese ODA to Latin America: Comparative Observations on Social Development Initiatives Kay Warren 6 Japanese and Australian ODA Alan Rix 7 Japan's and the United States' Bilateral ODA Programs David Arase 8 Japanese ODA compared to Canadian ODA Micheline Beaudry-Somcynsky 9 ODA Policy and Practice: Japan and the Republic of Korea Sang-Tae Kim & David Seddon Part II: Recipient Viewpoints 10 Japanese Aid to Pakistan Tahir Andrabi 11 Japanese Aid to China: A Comparison of ODA from Japan and Europe Shaokui Feng 12 Japanese Aid to South and Southeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis Haider Khan 13 Japan's ODA in the Pacific Island States Sandra Tarte 14 ODA from Japan and Other Donors in Thailand Anuman Leelasorn 15 Conclusion David Arase Notes Bibliography Index

Comparison of 6-Month Outcomes of Survivors of COVID-19 versus Non–COVID-19 Critical Illness

Abstract: Rationale The outcomes of survivors of critical illness due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) compared with non–COVID-19 are yet to be established. Objectives We aimed to investigate new disability at 6 months in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to Australian ICUs with COVID-19 compared with non–COVID-19. Methods We included critically ill patients with COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 from two prospective observational studies. Patients were eligible if they were adult (age ⩾ 18 yr) and received ⩾24 hours of mechanical ventilation. In addition, patients with COVID-19 were eligible with a positive laboratory PCR test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Measurements and Main Results Demographic, intervention, and hospital outcome data were obtained from electronic medical records. Survivors were contacted by telephone for functional outcomes with trained outcome assessors using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Between March 6, 2020, and April 21, 2021, 120 critically ill patients with COVID-19, and between August 2017 and January 2019, 199 critically ill patients without COVID-19, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients with COVID-19 were older (median [interquartile range], 62 [55–71] vs. 58 [44–69] yr; P = 0.019) with a lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (17 [13–20] vs. 19 [15–23]; P = 0.011). Although duration of ventilation was longer in patients with COVID-19 than in those without COVID-19 (12 [5–19] vs. 4.8 [2.3–8.8] d; P < 0.001), 180-day mortality was similar between the groups (39/120 [32.5%] vs. 70/199 [35.2%]; P = 0.715). The incidence of death or new disability at 180 days was similar (58/93 [62.4%] vs. 99/150 [66/0%]; P = 0.583). Conclusions At 6 months, there was no difference in new disability for patients requiring mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 compared with non–COVID-19. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04401254).

Urban bias revisited

Abstract: In his book ‘Why Poor People Stay Poor'the author has argued that urban bias is the moving force behind needlessly slow and inequitable growth in contemporary developing countries. This claim is defended against three main criticisms: that the methods chosen to test it are not appropriate; that the evidence tendered is not relevant or sufficient; and that the rural‐urban polarity is not clear‐cut or does not represent the prime conflict within contemporary developing countries.

Understanding ASEAN's centrality: bases and prospects in an evolving regional architecture

Abstract: There have been a number of articles about ASEAN's centrality in the regional security architecture of Asia. Yet, the notion of centrality remains undefined and under-operationalised. Implicit in the discourses of centrality is the idea of ASEAN's leadership, which in turn raises questions about ASEAN's ability to do so, given its limited capacity. This article defines ASEAN's centrality from the perspective of social network approach and argues that ASEAN's structural position in the density of networks that it has established and those that it has linkages with explains ASEAN's centrality. Despite its lack of material power, ASEAN has been able to claim centrality because of its position as a node in a cluster of networks, and this condition of ‘high betweenness’ allows ASEAN to exercise influence in regional processes with the tacit acceptance of major powers. However, while centrality may have been achieved, maintaining centrality in a rapidly changing regional environment compels ASEAN to add...

Ideas, Interests and Foreign Aid

Abstract: 1. The many uses of foreign aid 2. One policy, multiple goals: framing and foreign aid 3. Debates about aid: contents and patterns 4. Aid frames: origins and evolution 5. The administration of aid policy 6. The generosity contest: determinants of aid volume 7. The popularity contest: selecting the recipients of aid 8. Conclusion: frames and policy Appendix A. Legislative debates coded Appendix B. Debate coding examples Appendix C. Aid allocation: data and sources.