Albert P. Rocchini

Bio: Albert P. Rocchini is an academic researcher from University of Michigan. The author has contributed to research in topics: Blood pressure & Coarctation of the aorta. The author has an hindex of 47, co-authored 182 publications receiving 14761 citations. Previous affiliations of Albert P. Rocchini include Boston Children's Hospital & Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.

The Effect of Weight Loss on the Sensitivity of Blood Pressure to Sodium in Obese Adolescents

Abstract: To clarify the role of sodium intake in the regulation of blood pressure in obese subjects, we measured blood pressure in 60 obese and 18 nonobese adolescents after successive two-week periods of a high-salt diet (>250 mmol of sodium per day) and a low-salt diet (<30 mmol per day). When they were changed from a high-salt to a low-salt diet, the obese group had a significantly larger mean change (±SE) in mean arterial pressure (-12±1 mm Hg) than did the nonobese group (+1±2 mm Hg; P<0.001). The variables that best predicted the degree of sodium sensitivity were the fasting plasma insulin level, the plasma aldosterone level while the low-salt diet was being given, the plasma norepinephrine level while the high-salt diet was being given, and the percentage of body weight made up by fat. Fifty-one of the obese adolescents were also studied before and after a 20-week weight-loss program. After the weight-loss program, the 36 subjects who lost more than 1 kg of body weight had a reduced sensitivity of ...

Noninvasive Assessment of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Children and Adolescents: Recommendations for Standard Assessment for Clinical Research: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Abstract: Deterioration in endothelial function and arterial stiffness are early events in the development of cardiovascular diseases In adults, noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis have become established as valid and reliable tools for refining cardiovascular risk to target individuals who need early intervention With limited pediatric data, the use of these techniques in children and adolescents largely has been reserved for research purposes Therefore, this scientific statement was written to (1) review the current literature on the noninvasive assessment of atherosclerosis in children and adolescents, (2) make recommendations for the standardization of these tools for research, and (3) stimulate further research with a goal of developing valid and reliable techniques with normative data for noninvasive clinical evaluation of atherosclerosis in pediatric patients Precise and reliable noninvasive tests for atherosclerosis in youth will improve our ability to estimate future risk for heart attack and stroke Currently, large longitudinal studies of cardiovascular risk factors in youth, such as the Bogalusa and Muscatine studies, lack sufficient adult subjects experiencing hard outcomes, such as heart attack and stroke, to produce meaningful risk scores like those developed from Framingham data

Drug Therapy of High-Risk Lipid Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth Committee, Council of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, With the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing

Abstract: Despite compliance with lifestyle recommendations, some children and adolescents with high-risk hyperlipidemia will require lipid-lowering drug therapy, particularly those with familial hypercholesterolemia. The purpose of this statement is to examine new evidence on the association of lipid abnormalities with early atherosclerosis, discuss challenges with previous guidelines, and highlight results of clinical trials with statin therapy in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia or severe hypercholesterolemia. Recommendations are provided to guide decision-making with regard to patient selection, initiation, monitoring, and maintenance of drug therapy.

Exercise Training for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Impact on Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Abstract: 1. Introduction …3244 2. Beneficial Effects of Exercise in T2DM…3245 3. Cardiac Risks of Exercise Training in T2DM…3249 4. Noncardiac Risks of Exercise Training in T2DM…3251 5. Exercise Training Guidelines…3252 6. Approaches to Adherence…3254 7. Special/Minority Groups…3255 8. Conclusions…3256 9. References…3257 The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity has led to an unprecedented epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)1–4 and is likely to be followed by an epidemic of patients with complications of T2DM.5 Given the observed increases in the prevalence of T2DM in adults over the past few decades in developed countries,1,2,6 population-based efforts to reduce the cardiovascular complications of T2DM are as critical as the measures to prevent the problem.4,7 T2DM is the sixth-leading cause of death,8 with most deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD; nearly 70%) and with ischemic heart disease being responsible for nearly 50% of these deaths.9 The economic cost of T2DM has been estimated to be $172 billion in 2007 in the United States alone3 (up from $132 billion in 2002)10 and is likely to be greater when the other indirect costs of its associated complications are included.11 These complications are due to atherosclerotic vascular disease4 but also reflect a susceptibility of patients with T2DM to heart failure,12,13 perhaps mediated by direct effects on the myocardium.14,15 Pharmaceutical intervention for glycemic control has shown beneficial results for microvascular complications in patients with T2DM; however, whether this therapy has beneficial effects on macrovascular complications and …

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

Abstract: XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.

Inflammation and metabolic disorders

Abstract: Metabolic and immune systems are among the most fundamental requirements for survival. Many metabolic and immune response pathways or nutrient- and pathogen-sensing systems have been evolutionarily conserved throughout species. As a result, immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and the proper function of each is dependent on the other. This interface can be viewed as a central homeostatic mechanism, dysfunction of which can lead to a cluster of chronic metabolic disorders, particularly obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Collectively, these diseases constitute the greatest current threat to global human health and welfare.

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Abstract: March 5, 2019 e1 WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM, FAHA, Chair Paul Muntner, PhD, MHS, FAHA, Vice Chair Alvaro Alonso, MD, PhD, FAHA Marcio S. Bittencourt, MD, PhD, MPH Clifton W. Callaway, MD, FAHA April P. Carson, PhD, MSPH, FAHA Alanna M. Chamberlain, PhD Alexander R. Chang, MD, MS Susan Cheng, MD, MMSc, MPH, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, MBA, FAHA Francesca N. Delling, MD, MPH Luc Djousse, MD, ScD, MPH Mitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MS, FAHA Jane F. Ferguson, PhD, FAHA Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD, FAHA Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc Brett M. Kissela, MD, MS Kristen L. Knutson, PhD Tak W. Kwan, MD, FAHA Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Tené T. Lewis, PhD Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Matthew Shane Loop, PhD Pamela L. Lutsey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Seth S. Martin, MD, MHS, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Andrew E. Moran, MD, MPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Martin O’Flaherty, MD, MSc, PhD Ambarish Pandey, MD, MSCS Amanda M. Perak, MD, MS Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, MS, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH, FAHA Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, MD, MBA, MPH, FAHA Gary M. Satou, MD, FAHA Emily B. Schroeder, MD, PhD, FAHA Svati H. Shah, MD, MHS, FAHA Nicole L. Spartano, PhD Andrew Stokes, PhD David L. Tirschwell, MD, MS, MSc, FAHA Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH, Vice Chair Elect Mintu P. Turakhia, MD, MAS, FAHA Lisa B. VanWagner, MD, MSc, FAST John T. Wilkins, MD, MS, FAHA Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA, Chair Elect On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.

Abstract: Each chapter listed in the Table of Contents (see next page) is a hyperlink to that chapter. The reader clicks the chapter name to access that chapter. Each chapter listed here is a hyperlink. Click on the chapter name to be taken to that chapter. Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together in a single document the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and the cardiovascular risk factors listed in the AHA’s My Life Check - Life’s Simple 7 (Figure1), which include core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure [BP], and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update represents …