This work has been supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy
and Competitiveness through the research project PGC2018-
101894-B-I00. BHS also thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sports for the pre-doctoral grant FPU15/03924 and the
University of Cadiz for the post-doctoral grant 2019-011/PU/
AY.PUENTE/CD.

Advances in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents-based liquid phase microextraction of metals for sample preparation in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Preparation of environmental samples for chemical speciation of metal/metalloids: A review of extraction techniques.

Assessment of arsenic in water, rice and honey samples using new and green vortex-assisted liquid phase microextraction procedure based on deep eutectic solvent: Multivariate study

Occurrence and speciation of arsenic and mercury in alluvial and coastal sediments

Analytical developments and applications of ionic liquids for environmental studies

Two-step separation and determination of inorganic As species in water, soil and sediment samples by implementing two ionic liquids in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry detection

Efficient separation and preconcentration of inorganic Sb species in different water samples were performed in this work by a novel dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method based on the application of a magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS) detection. The Sb(iii) species was selectively extracted by complexation with ammonium diethyldithiophosphate (DDTP) and 45 μL of the MIL trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tetrachloroferrate ([P6,6,6,14]FeCl4) as extractant. Subsequently, a magnetic rod was applied for phase separation, introducing it directly into the sample solution, and the MIL phase was then diluted in chloroform. Afterwards, 15 μL of this solution was injected into the graphite furnace of ETAAS for Sb determination. A multivariate study was performed to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. Selective reduction of Sb(v) to Sb(iii) with 1% (w/v) KI before preconcentration was applied for total inorganic Sb determination and Sb(v) concentration was calculated by subtraction. The analytical performance of the method included extraction efficiencies of 98.0% for Sb(iii) and 92.6% for Sb(v), LOD of 0.02 μg L-1 for Sb(iii) and relative standard deviations of 3.1% for Sb(iii) and 3.5% for Sb(v) (at 6 μg L-1 Sb(iii) and Sb(v), n = 10). The calibration linear range was 0.08-20 μg L-1. The results showed that the proposed methodology was highly sensitive and selective for Sb speciation analysis in tap, dam, mineral, wetland, underground, rain and river water samples.

Ultra-sensitive Sb speciation analysis in water samples by magnetic ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and multivariate optimization.

Aldana A. Lemos

Papers

Two-step separation and determination of inorganic As species in water, soil and sediment samples by implementing two ionic liquids in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry detection

Ultra-sensitive Sb speciation analysis in water samples by magnetic ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and multivariate optimization.