How are WEEE doing? A global review of the management of electrical and electronic wastes

Trace metal contamination in estuarine and coastal environments in China

Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables near an e-waste processing site, south China

Metals are infinitely recyclable in principle, but in practice, recycling is often inefficient or essentially nonexistent because of limits imposed by social behavior, product design, recycling technologies, and the thermodynamics of separation. We review these topics, distinguishing among common, specialty, and precious metals. The most beneficial actions that could improve recycling rates are increased collection rates of discarded products, improved design for recycling, and the enhanced deployment of modern recycling methodology. As a global society, we are currently far away from a closed-loop material system. Much improvement is possible, but limitations of many kinds--not all of them technological--will preclude complete closure of the materials cycle.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/337/6095/690.full.pdf

Challenges in metal recycling.

Trace metal contamination in estuarine and coastal environments in China : Reviews of Trace Metal Pollution in China.

A review of the environmental fate and effects of hazardous substances released from electrical and electronic equipments during recycling: Examples from China and India

Alejandra Sepúlveda

Papers

A review of the environmental fate and effects of hazardous substances released from electrical and electronic equipments during recycling: Examples from China and India