Multilevel inverter technology has emerged recently as a very important alternative in the area of high-power medium-voltage energy control. This paper presents the most important topologies like diode-clamped inverter (neutral-point clamped), capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor), and cascaded multicell with separate DC sources. Emerging topologies like asymmetric hybrid cells and soft-switched multilevel inverters are also discussed. This paper also presents the most relevant control and modulation methods developed for this family of converters: multilevel sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation, multilevel selective harmonic elimination, and space-vector modulation. Special attention is dedicated to the latest and more relevant applications of these converters such as laminators, conveyor belts, and unified power-flow controllers. The need of an active front end at the input side for those inverters supplying regenerative loads is also discussed, and the circuit topology options are also presented. Finally, the peripherally developing areas such as high-voltage high-power devices and optical sensors and other opportunities for future development are addressed.

Multilevel inverters: a survey of topologies, controls, and applications

Multilevel converters have been under research and development for more than three decades and have found successful industrial application. However, this is still a technology under development, and many new contributions and new commercial topologies have been reported in the last few years. The aim of this paper is to group and review these recent contributions, in order to establish the current state of the art and trends of the technology, to provide readers with a comprehensive and insightful review of where multilevel converter technology stands and is heading. This paper first presents a brief overview of well-established multilevel converters strongly oriented to their current state in industrial applications to then center the discussion on the new converters that have made their way into the industry. In addition, new promising topologies are discussed. Recent advances made in modulation and control of multilevel converters are also addressed. A great part of this paper is devoted to show nontraditional applications powered by multilevel converters and how multilevel converters are becoming an enabling technology in many industrial sectors. Finally, some future trends and challenges in the further development of this technology are discussed to motivate future contributions that address open problems and explore new possibilities.

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Recent Advances and Industrial Applications of Multilevel Converters

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An Introduction To The Event Related Potential Technique

This work is devoted to review and analyze the most relevant characteristics of multilevel converters, to motivate possible solutions, and to show that we are in a decisive instant in which energy companies have to bet on these converters as a good solution compared with classic two-level converters. This article presents a brief overview of the actual applications of multilevel converters and provides an introduction of the modeling techniques and the most common modulation strategies. It also addresses the operational and technological issues.

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The age of multilevel converters arrives

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Statistical Parametric Mapping The Analysis Of Functional Brain Images

The matrix converter is an array of controlled semiconductor switches that connects directly the three-phase source to the three-phase load. This converter has several attractive features that have been investigated in the last two decades. In the last few years, an increase in research work has been observed, bringing this topology closer to the industrial application. This paper presents the state-of-the-art view in the development of this converter, starting with a brief historical review. An important part of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of the most important modulation and control strategies developed recently. Special attention is given to present modern methods developed to solve the commutation problem. Some new arrays of power bidirectional switches integrated in a single module are also presented. Finally, this paper includes some practical issues related to the practical application of this technology, like overvoltage protection, use of filters and ride-through capability.

Matrix converters: a technology review

This paper presents a very new drive system used to transport ore from the mine down to the concentrator plant in the copper mine "Los Pelambres". Eight 2500-kW motors are driven by three-level inverters with gate-turn-off thyristors (GTOs). A three-level active front end is used at the input side of each inverter. A GTO chopper is used to provide controlled electrical braking in case of line loss. The paper presents the requirements and alternatives for the drive system and the control strategies for the converters and the belt. A novel application of the selective harmonic elimination method is used to reduce the input current harmonics. Special attention is dedicated to the interaction with the electrical network. The most relevant features of the system are: (1) fuseless operation; (2) adjustable power factor; (3) reduced input current harmonics; (4) smooth transition between motoring and regenerating modes; and (5) 15 MW of regenerated power with more than six months of successful operation.

Novel 20-MW downhill conveyor system using three-level converters

Downhill transport of ore from the mine to the beneficiation plant by means of belt conveyors introduces important advantages both for the personnel and for the equipment. Furthermore, if the conveyor is equipped with a regenerative AC drive, the system will generate an important amount of electrical energy for use in the process. This paper discusses the technical alternatives and the criteria used to select a solution, using modern converter-inverter drives in the megawatt and medium-voltage range. The considered drive alternatives are: (1) an AC wound-rotor induction motor drive with additional resistors; (2) an AC synchronous motor with cycloconverter; (3) an AC induction motor with current-source inverter; and (4) an induction motor with multilevel voltage-source inverter. The study reveals that, considering the main technical criteria, the use of a three-level active front end feeding a voltage-source three-level inverter is the most appropriate alternative.

Regenerative drives in the megawatt range for high performance downhill belt conveyors

This paper presents a localization scheme for Ackerman steering vehicles, to be used in outdoors autonomous navigation, using a low cost GPS and inclinometer. A complementary filter fuses the bearing from the inclinometer with the bearing of the GPS. We then use an Extended Kalman Filter to estimate the pose of the vehicle and the sensor biases. We validate our system with experimental results.

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Pose estimation of Ackerman steering vehicles for outdoors autonomous navigation

In many data acquisition systems it is common to observe signals whose amplitudes have been clipped. We present two new algorithms for recovering a clipped signal by leveraging the model assumption that the underlying signal is sparse in the frequency domain. Both algorithms employ ideas commonly used in the field of Compressive Sensing; the first is a modified version of Reweighted $\ell_1$ minimization, and the second is a modification of a simple greedy algorithm known as Trivial Pursuit. An empirical investigation shows that both approaches can recover signals with significant levels of clipping

Alejandro Weinstein

Papers

Matrix converters: a technology review

Novel 20-MW downhill conveyor system using three-level converters

Regenerative drives in the megawatt range for high performance downhill belt conveyors

Pose estimation of Ackerman steering vehicles for outdoors autonomous navigation

Recovering a Clipped Signal in Sparseland