The Transmission Control Protocol.

Digital Twin technology is an emerging concept that has become the centre of attention for industry and, in more recent years, academia. The advancements in industry 4.0 concepts have facilitated its growth, particularly in the manufacturing industry. The Digital Twin is defined extensively but is best described as the effortless integration of data between a physical and virtual machine in either direction. The challenges, applications, and enabling technologies for Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT) and Digital Twins are presented. A review of publications relating to Digital Twins is performed, producing a categorical review of recent papers. The review has categorised them by research areas: manufacturing, healthcare and smart cities, discussing a range of papers that reflect these areas and the current state of research. The paper provides an assessment of the enabling technologies, challenges and open research for Digital Twins.

Digital Twin: Enabling Technologies, Challenges and Open Research

Digital twin can be defined as a virtual representation of a physical asset enabled through data and simulators for real-time prediction, optimization, monitoring, controlling, and improved decision making. Recent advances in computational pipelines, multiphysics solvers, artificial intelligence, big data cybernetics, data processing and management tools bring the promise of digital twins and their impact on society closer to reality. Digital twinning is now an important and emerging trend in many applications. Also referred to as a computational megamodel, device shadow, mirrored system, avatar or a synchronized virtual prototype, there can be no doubt that a digital twin plays a transformative role not only in how we design and operate cyber-physical intelligent systems, but also in how we advance the modularity of multi-disciplinary systems to tackle fundamental barriers not addressed by the current, evolutionary modeling practices. In this work, we review the recent status of methodologies and techniques related to the construction of digital twins mostly from a modeling perspective. Our aim is to provide a detailed coverage of the current challenges and enabling technologies along with recommendations and reflections for various stakeholders.

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Digital Twin: Values, Challenges and Enablers From a Modeling Perspective

Today is the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). The recent advances in hardware and information technology have accelerated the deployment of billions of interconnected, smart and adaptive devices in critical infrastructures like health, transportation, environmental control, and home automation. Transferring data over a network without requiring any kind of human-to-computer or human-to-human interaction, brings reliability and convenience to consumers, but also opens a new world of opportunity for intruders, and introduces a whole set of unique and complicated questions to the field of Digital Forensics. Although IoT data could be a rich source of evidence, forensics professionals cope with diverse problems, starting from the huge variety of IoT devices and non-standard formats, to the multi-tenant cloud infrastructure and the resulting multi-jurisdictional litigations. A further challenge is the end-to-end encryption which represents a trade-off between users’ right to privacy and the success of the forensics investigation. Due to its volatile nature, digital evidence has to be acquired and analyzed using validated tools and techniques that ensure the maintenance of the Chain of Custody. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss the main issues involved in the complex process of IoT-based investigations, particularly all legal, privacy and cloud security challenges. Furthermore, this work provides an overview of the past and current theoretical models in the digital forensics science. Special attention is paid to frameworks that aim to extract data in a privacy-preserving manner or secure the evidence integrity using decentralized blockchain-based solutions. In addition, the present paper addresses the ongoing Forensics-as-a-Service (FaaS) paradigm, as well as some promising cross-cutting data reduction and forensics intelligence techniques. Finally, several other research trends and open issues are presented, with emphasis on the need for proactive Forensics Readiness strategies and generally agreed-upon standards.

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A Survey on the Internet of Things (IoT) Forensics: Challenges, Approaches, and Open Issues

Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that has changed the traditional way of living into a high tech life style. Smart city, smart homes, pollution control, energy saving, smart transportation, smart industries are such transformations due to IoT. A lot of crucial research studies and investigations have been done in order to enhance the technology through IoT. However, there are still a lot of challenges and issues that need to be addressed to achieve the full potential of IoT. These challenges and issues must be considered from various aspects of IoT such as applications, challenges, enabling technologies, social and environmental impacts etc. The main goal of this review article is to provide a detailed discussion from both technological and social perspective. The article discusses different challenges and key issues of IoT, architecture and important application domains. Also, the article bring into light the existing literature and illustrated their contribution in different aspects of IoT. Moreover, the importance of big data and its analysis with respect to IoT has been discussed. This article would help the readers and researcher to understand the IoT and its applicability to the real world.

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Internet of Things is a revolutionary approach for future technology enhancement: a review

Internet of Things (IoT): A review of enabling technologies, challenges, and open research issues

Warehouses are premises used to store goods or products with the key task of ensuring its security as well as maintaining its value and quality. Some unexpected events in the warehouse such as temperature fluctuations and humidity changes, and other unwanted events may destroy the value of goods and products.In such circumstances, continuous monitoring of the warehouse and condition control should be carried out. Internet of Things (IoT) enables the development of various cost-effective solutions based on modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and infrastructure. IoT brings new opportunities and benefits for the development of Warehouse Management Systems (WMS). This paper put in light some possibilities of IoT applications for a smart warehouse monitoring system. We present a model of IoT system that helps to overcome some shortcomings in existing solutions for warehouse monitoring control.

A Review of Enabling Technologies and Solutions for IoT Based Smart Warehouse Monitoring System

This paper discusses a concept of predicting interactions between measurable (technical) parameters of telecommunications network - QoS (Quality of Service) and QoE (Quality of Experience) of the video under realistic triple play network conditions using IPTV (Internet Protocol TV). Here is represented a simulation method using OPNET as simulation tool that includes a complete scenario of IPTV channels distribution in the hypothetical IP / MPLS network. Based on simulation results of the QoS parameters in the network and using of certain well-known regression analysis of QoS/QoE correlation model it is possible to evaluate the quality of the received video perceived by the user. It performs the mapping between quality assessment VQR (Video Quality Ratings), VQM (Video Quality Metric) and DMOS (Difference Mean Opinion Score) subjective rating scales. In that way it performs validation of IPTV service in terms of comparing the original video and the received video by the end user. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possibility of video quality validation under laboratory conditions using simulation method.

Validating IPTV service quality under realistic triple play network conditions

The application of information and communication technologies (ICT) is becoming an indispensable factor in optimizing transport processes. There is the need for monitoring of shipments during the transport process as an indispensable element of the management and control of transport of postal consignments. For this purpose they use different technologies, and this paper presents the role and capabilities of GPS (Global Positioning System) and RFID (radio-frequency identification) technologies. The work was carried out to show the possibilities for global positioning system (GPS) and radio frequency identification of (RFID) in the organization and rationalization of transport of postal items in Bosnia & Hercegovina.

Rationalization of Transport of Postal Shipment using GPS/RFID Technologies in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Software process improvement implies a set of complex and systematic activities of software engineering. It requires theory and models established in management, technical and social sciences. The improvement is based on the assumption that the organization if it owns mature and capable processes, would be able to deliver quality software on time and in line with predicted costs. The maturity models are initially aimed for implementation in enterprise software organizations, government organizations and within the military industry. Their complexity and the size make them difficult to use in small software organizations and companies. In such organizations the interest for use and the efforts to make an efficient and effective organization is always presented, though. In this paper, the basic and derived capability maturity models are described and cases from their implementation are analyzed, along with assessment of results of such projects in business practices. The problem of the software process improvement in small organizations is described, extracting the risks and recommendations for its enhancement. These recommendations are provided in order to set up a foundation for implementation of these models in a specific managerial and organizational environment characterized by small organizations.

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Alem Čolaković

Papers

Internet of Things (IoT): A review of enabling technologies, challenges, and open research issues

A Review of Enabling Technologies and Solutions for IoT Based Smart Warehouse Monitoring System

Validating IPTV service quality under realistic triple play network conditions

Rationalization of Transport of Postal Shipment using GPS/RFID Technologies in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Assessment of factors affecting the software process improvement in small organizations