Aletha Silva Caetano

Bio: Aletha Silva Caetano is an academic researcher from State University of Campinas. The author has contributed to research in topics: Urinary incontinence & Pelvic floor. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 12 publications receiving 130 citations.

Incontinência urinária e a prática de atividades físicas

Abstract: The urinary incontinence is defined as "every involuntary loss of urinary". It happens with women more frequently, and is mainly caused by childbirths and gestations that can injure the muscles responsible for the women continence. Indeed, it is very common women who practice physical activities and sports to present incontinence. Many of these women abandon their activities to prevent discharging urine during these practices which causes shame, embarrassment besides interference with the performance during the exercise. There is no research that argues this subject in the area of the physical education. The objective of this study consisted in a bibliographical revision about urinary incontinence, analyzing its relation with physical activities and sports for women, the impact caused by the incontinence in these practices, and in what form the physical education professional can facilitate a more comfortable and safe practices to these women. The literature data on this subject is very recent, but they are enough to evidence that the physical and sport practices of exercises demanding a lot of efforts and high impact can lead to the urinary incontinence. The women who do not abandon their activities because of this incontinence use some strategies to prevent the discharge of urine, as the use of absorbents and water restriction. The physical education professional has a basic role in the adequate orientation of exercises transforming this practice into a urinary incontinence preventive intervention among physically active women.

Incontinência urinária entre estudantes de educação física

Abstract: Urinary incontinence (UI) is seen as a problem that affects older multiparous women. Little attention has been given to identifying UI in groups of younger or nulliparous women. This study verified the prevalence of UI and the characteristics of urinary loss among young nulliparous female physical education students. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire. Of all 95 students, 61.1% answered the questionnaire. The average age was 21.4 years and 20.7% stated having presented involuntary urine loss. In 75% of cases, urinary loss occurred during sports activities. The students who had experienced urinary loss rated the problem with a 2.3 average score (ranging form 0 to 6), with 0 being no problem and 10 being a serious problem. It is concluded that uinary loss during exercise, though relatively frequent, is not considered a relevant issue for the physical education students.

Influência da atividade física na qualidade de vida e auto-imagem de mulheres incontinentes

Abstract: Nosso objetivo foi verificar a influencia de uma proposta de atividades fisicas na qualidade de vida e na auto-imagem de mulheres incontinentes. Constituiu-se de um estudo comparativo e exploratorio realizado durante 16 semanas. Participaram 37 mulheres com e sem incontinencia urinaria (IU). Apos o estudo observamos melhora significativa nos dominios relacionados com a percepcao geral de saude (p < 0,001), impacto da IU (p = 0,035), limitacoes fisicas (p = 0,015), relacoes pessoais (p = 0,048), sono e disposicao (p = 0,012) e em relacao as medidas de gravidade (p = 0,011). Na auto-imagem nao foram verificadas alteracoes quanto a aparencia; todavia, quanto a satisfacao corporal, observamos que as mulheres passaram a sentir-se menos satisfeitas com seu corpo (p = 0,007). Foi relatada diminuicao no numero de regioes onde sentiam dores (p = 0,0003) e de que nao gostavam (p = 0,0017). Conclui-se que os profissionais de Educacao Fisica, por meio de uma proposta de atividades fisicas sistematizada e integrada, podem levar mulheres com IU a melhora significativa na percepcao de sua qualidade de vida e de sua saude, em aspectos relacionados a sua auto-imagem e a melhora nos sintomas de IU, com a diminuicao da frequencia e quantidade da perda urinaria.

Use of artificial intelligence in precision nutrition and fitness

Abstract: The food pattern is one of the modifiable factors for improving lifestyle and disease prevention. It is known that changes in diet have an effect on the evolution of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD) of high prevalence, such as obesity, depression, anxiety, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In order to prevent the CNCD, changing eating habits is strongly recommended. In addition, physical fitness, through systematized physical activities or that increase daily caloric expenditure, also contributes to the prevention of CNCD. Precision medicine, or precise health, is an approach for disease treatment and prevention that considers individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle. The applying of precision medicine has been broadly improved by the recent development of the large-scale biologic database, powerful methods for characterizing patients, and the use of high and smart technology. It is important to consider the computational tools for analyzing large data sets and, in this way, health-care providers will depend on electronic clinical decision support to quickly make appropriate treatment decisions. Computer systems that have a certain degree of intelligence and human/expert independence to infer about the preexisting data, in order to support the decision, could be useful, since the data generated require rapid and reliable analysis from a large number of variables. Among the available computational tools, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained more and more attention recently, since it is able to learn and model linear and nonlinear relationships between variables by constructing an input-output mapping such that hidden and extremely useful information for decision-making is revealed and interpreted. Although AI is not yet widely used in the areas of nutrition and fitness, it was found that the current technology available (information technology, several sensors, the use of nanotechnology and the advent of computers, IPhones, and smartphones) is favorable to the application of AI, since a large amount of data is collected by these technologies and, therefore, AI could be very useful in their mining. This chapter provides a discussion about the importance of nutrition and fitness for health and well-being; what is precision medicine, AI, precision nutrition, and precision fitness; how AI could help with precision nutrition and precision fitness; decision-making algorithm for nutritional meal planning/dietary menu planning; AI-based diet and supplements; AI used in genetic tests for precision nutrition and fitness; AI approach to nutritional meal planning for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, T2D patients; AI-based nutrition and fitness support systems and apps and some challenges and future perspectives.

Proposta de atividades físicas para mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço

Abstract: A incontinencia urinaria de esforco e definida como a perda involuntaria de urina decorrente de esforcos sobre a regiao abdominal causando grande constrangimento social, fazendo com que mulheres se afastem de suas atividades fisicas, sociais e culturais. Apesar da alta prevalencia, e grandes prejuizos causados pela incontinencia existe escassez de pesquisas sobre esse assunto na area da educacao fisica. Neste artigo, apresentamos de forma sistematica os principais conhecimentos sobre a incontinencia urinaria de esforco sua etiologia, fisiologia, tratamentos e de que forma o professor de educacao fisica pode contribuir com a recuperacao dessas mulheres. Utilizando literatura cientifica especializada, relacionamos e sistematizamos exercicios pertinentes e adequados a mulheres com incontinencia urinaria de esforco. Nossa proposta aponta para a inclusao destes exercicios especificos em trabalhos que tenham uma abordagem mais ampla no que diz respeito a valorizacao e desenvolvimento das potencialidades dessas mulheres como um todo, de forma a facilitar o desenvolvimento em seus aspectos fisicos, sociais e afetivos.

The Effectiveness of Physical Exercise on Bone Density in Osteoporotic Patients

Abstract: Physical exercise is considered an effective means to stimulate bone osteogenesis in osteoporotic patients. The authors reviewed the current literature to define the most appropriate features of exercise for increasing bone density in osteoporotic patients. Two types emerged: (1) weight-bearing aerobic exercises, i.e., walking, stair climbing, jogging, and Tai Chi. Walking alone did not appear to improve bone mass; however it is able to limit its progressive loss. In fact, in order for the weight-bearing exercises to be effective, they must reach the mechanical intensity useful to determine an important ground reaction force. (2) Strength and resistance exercises: these are carried out with loading (lifting weights) or without (swimming, cycling). For this type of exercise to be effective a joint reaction force superior to common daily activity with sensitive muscle strengthening must be determined. These exercises appear extremely site-specific, able to increase muscle mass and BMD only in the stimulated body regions. Other suggested protocols are multicomponent exercises and whole body vibration. Multicomponent exercises consist of a combination of different methods (aerobics, strengthening, progressive resistance, balancing, and dancing) aimed at increasing or preserving bone mass. These exercises seem particularly indicated in deteriorating elderly patients, often not able to perform exercises of pure reinforcement. However, for these protocols to be effective they must always contain a proportion of strengthening and resistance exercises. Given the variability of the protocols and outcome measures, the results of these methods are difficult to quantify. Training with whole body vibration (WBV): these exercises are performed with dedicated devices, and while it seems they have effect on enhancing muscle strength, controversial findings on improvement of BMD were reported. WBV seems to provide good results, especially in improving balance and reducing the risk of falling; in this, WBV appears more efficient than simply walking. Nevertheless, contraindications typical of senility should be taken into account.

Physical exercise and osteoporosis: effects of different types of exercises on bone and physical function of postmenopausal women

Abstract: Physical exercise is an important stimulus for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. However, it is not clear yet which modality would be better to stimulate bone metabolism and enhance physical function of postmenopausal women. This review paper aims to summarize and update present knowledge on the effects of different kinds of aquatic and ground physical exercises on bone metabolism and physical function of postmenopausal women. Moderate to intense exercises, performed in a high speed during short intervals of time, in water or on the ground, can be part of a program to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mechanical vibration has proven to be beneficial for bone microarchitecture, improving bone density and bone strength, as well as increasing physical function. Although impact exercises are recognized as beneficial for the stimulation of bone tissue, other variables such as muscle strength, type of muscle contraction, duration and intensity of exercises are also determinants to induce changes in bone metabolism of postmenopausal women. Not only osteoanabolic exercises should be recommended; activities aimed to develop muscle strength and body balance and improve the proprioception should be encouraged to prevent falls and fractures.

Urinary Incontinence Restrictions In Women's Life [restrições Causadas Pela Incontinência Urinária A Vida Da Mulher.]

Abstract: Our purpose with this study was to verify the restriction of the urinary incontinence (UI) in a woman's daily life, considering the type of incontinence, and find out how women deal with that. It is a secondary analysis of data taken from a previous study that were obtained using open and closed questions. Interviews were held with 164 incontinent inpatients of gynecological and urological clinics of two hospital schools in the city of Campinas, in the State of Sao Paulo, with ages ranging from 25 to 85 years. Of this universe, 104 (64%) indicated one or more restrictions regarding their daily life activities, such as altered sexual (40.9%), social (33.5%), domestic (18.9%) and occupational activities (15.2%). Mixed urinary incon-tinence and urge incontinence were mentioned as that affected the most women's daily life. The disposable pad system was the most utilized strategy in dealing with UI. It was concluded that UI has a negative impact on the daily life of these women.

Does prolonged high-impact activity contribute to later urinary incontinence? A retrospective cohort study of female olympians

Abstract: Objective To determine whether women engaged in strenuous, provocative exercise are more likely to be incontinent in future life than similarly fit women who participated in less provocative exercise. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, female American Olympians who competed in swimming (low-impact group) and in gymnastics and track and field (high-impact group) between 1960 and 1976 completed a structured questionnaire. Primary outcome measures included the prevalence of the symptoms of stress and urge incontinence. Statistical analyses of results included χ 2 , Fisher exact test, two-tailed t tests, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression. P Results One hundred four women responded (response rate 51.2%). High-impact athletes were older (46.2 compared with 42.4 years) and were more likely to report incontinence when they were doing their sport as Olympians (35.8% compared with 4.5%) than low-impact athletes; low-impact athletes were more likely to be parous (83.3% compared with 60.7%). There was no difference in the prevalence of the symptom of stress incontinence between the highversus low-impact groups: any incontinence, 41.1% compared with 50%; daily or weekly incontinence, 10.7% compared with 8.3%; and incontinence that bothered them moderately or greatly, 10.7% compared with 4.2%. With our sample size, this study had 80% power to detect a fourfold difference in daily or weekly incontinence between groups, but only a 30% power to detect a twofold difference, given a baseline prevalence of 10%. When age, body mass index (BMI), parity, Olympic sport group, and incontinence during Olympic sport were entered into stepwise logistic regression analyses, only BMI was significantly associated with regular stress or urge incontinence symptoms. Conclusion Participation in regular, strenuous, highimpact activity when younger did not predispose women to a markedly higher rate of clinically significant urinary incontinence in later life.