Author
Alex Ciegler
Bio: Alex Ciegler is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Aflatoxin & Human decontamination. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 4 publications receiving 169 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: Various strains of species belonging to the Aspergillus och raceus group (A. ochraceus, A. sclerotiorum, and A. sulphureus) can produce two mycotoxins, ochrato...
Abstract: Various strains of species belonging to the Aspergillus ochraceus group (A. ochraceus, A. sclerotiorum, A. alliaceus, A. ostianus, A. melleus, and A. sulphureus) can produce two mycotoxins, ochrato...
141 citations
TL;DR: The mode of action of aflatoxin B1 is not exclusively analogous to that of actinomycin D in B. licheniformis, however, induced-penicillinase production in the strain was enhanced by relatively low levels of both actincycin D and a...
Abstract: The effect of aflatoxin B1 on induced and constitutive enzyme synthesis was examined in strains of Bacillus cereus (NRRL B-569, NRRL B-3537) and Bacillus licheniformis (NRRL B-3560, NRRL B-3540). Although B1 partially blocked penicillinase elaboration in B. cereus after incubation with the toxin, the level of B1-mediated reduction in total protein synthesis was similar to the diminished production of penicillinase. Comparative studies on the effects of aflatoxin B1 and actinomycin D on enzyme synthesis and growth in B. licheniformis demonstrated that actinomycin D exerted a differential inhibitory effect on induction of penicillinase and α-glucosidase, whereas levels of reduction of enzyme production initiated by aflatoxin resembled toxin-mediated growth inhibition. Thus, the mode of action of aflatoxin B1 is not exclusively analogous to that of actinomycin D in B. licheniformis. However, induced-penicillinase production in B. licheniformis was enhanced by relatively low levels of both actinomycin D and a...
9 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that optimization of the prevention and control of moulds in foods must be based on knowledge of the associated funga, which has been described for the following foods.
407 citations
TL;DR: This paper will discuss in detail the recent advances in molecular biology of OTA biosynthesis, based on information and on new data about identification and characterization of ochratoxin biosynthetic genes in both Penicillium and Aspergillus species.
Abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi that structurally consists of a para-chlorophenolic group containing a dihydroisocoumarin moiety that is amide-linked to L-phenylalanine. OTA is detected worldwide in various food and feed sources. Studies show that this molecule can have several toxicological effects such as nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic. A role in the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy and its association to urinary tract tumors has been also proved. In this review, we will explore the general aspect of OTA: physico-chemical properties, toxicological profile, OTA producing fungi, contaminated food, regulation, legislation and analytical methods. Due to lack of sufficient information related to the molecular background, this paper will discuss in detail the recent advances in molecular biology of OTA biosynthesis, based on information and on new data about identification and characterization of ochratoxin biosynthetic genes in both Penicillium and Aspergillus species. This review will also cover the development of the molecular methods for the detection and quantification of OTA producing fungi in various foodstuffs.
364 citations
TL;DR: Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati section Flavi includes species with usually biseriate conidial heads, in shades of yellow-green to brown, and dark sclerotia, and several species assigned to this section are either important mycotoxin producers including aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid, ochratoxins and kojic acid, or are used in oriental food fermentation processes and as hosts for heterologous gene expression.
312 citations
TL;DR: Using a polyphasic approach combining phenotype, physiology, sequence and extrolite data, eight new species are described in Aspergillus section Flavi, including three newly described species A. aflatoxiformans, A. austwickii and A. cerealis in addition to A. togoensis.
300 citations
TL;DR: Brazilian coffee samples examined during the 1999 and 2000 coffee harvest seasons for the presence of ochratoxin A (OA) and fungi with the potential to produce it found several critical points were found, relating both to local climatic conditions and the drying processes used.
296 citations