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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Introduction to linear and nonlinear programming

Talker localization with microphone arrays has received significant attention lately as a means for the automated tracking of individuals in an enclosure and as a necessary component of any general purpose speech capture system. Several algorithmic approaches are available for speech source localization with multi-channel data. This chapter summarizes the current field and comments on the general merits and shortcomings of each genre. A new localization method is then presented in detail. By utilizing key features of existing methods, this new algorithm is shown to be significantly more robust to acoustical conditions, particularly reverberation effects, than the traditional localization techniques in use today.

Robust Localization in Reverberant Rooms

Conventional time-delay estimators exhibit dramatic performance degradations in the presence of multipath signals. This limits their application in reverberant enclosures, particularly when the signal of interest is speech and it may not possible to estimate and compensate for channel effects prior to time-delay estimation. This paper details an alternative approach which reformulates the problem as a linear regression of phase data and then estimates the time-delay through minimization of a robust statistical error measure. The technique is shown to be less susceptible to room reverberation effects. Simulations are performed across a range of source placements and room conditions to illustrate the utility of the proposed time-delay estimation method relative to conventional methods.

A robust method for speech signal time-delay estimation in reverberant rooms

/pdf/a-high-accuracy-low-latency-technique-for-talker-2n390ioovn.pdf

A High-Accuracy, Low-Latency Technique for Talker Localization in Reverberant Environments Using Microphone Arrays

Synthetic microphone signals generated with the image model technique are used to study the effects of room reverberation on the performance of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the time delay, in which the estimate is obtained by maximizing the cross correlation between filtered versions of the microphone signals. The results underscore the adverse effects of reverberation on the bias, variance and probability of anomaly of the ML estimator. Explanations of these effects are provided.

Performance of time-delay estimation in the presence of room reverberation

Composite multipath fading/shadowing environments are frequently encountered in different realistic scenarios. These channels are generally modeled as a mixture of Nakagami-m multipath fading and log-normal shadowing. The resulting composite probability density function (pdf) is not available in closed form, thereby making the performance evaluation of communication links in these channels cumbersome. In this paper, we propose to model composite channels by the G-distribution. This pdf arises when the log-normal shadowing is substituted by the inverse-Gaussian one. This substitution will prove to be very accurate for several shadowing conditions. In this paper we conduct a performance evaluation of single-user communication systems operating in a composite channel. Our study starts by deriving an analytical expression for the outage probability. Then, we derive the moment generating function of the G-distribution, hence facilitating the calculation of average bit error probabilities. We also derive analytical expressions for the channel capacity for three adaptive transmission techniques, namely, i) optimal rate adaptation with constant power, ii) optimal power and rate adaptation, and iii) channel inversion with fixed rate.

On the performance analysis of composite multipath/shadowing channels using the G-distribution

This letter investigates the capacity of generalized-k fading channels. This very general model describes accurately composite multipath/shaodwing fading channels which are widely encountered in real-world environments. We derive closed-form expressions for three adaptive transmission techniques, namely, i) optimal rate adaptation with constant power, ii) optimal power and rate adaptation, and iii) channel inversion with fixed rate. The analytical expressions obtained match perfectly the results obtained by computer simulations. These expressions provide a good tool to assess the spectral efficiency of the aforementioned adaptive transmission techniques over composite channels.

On the capacity of generalized-k fading channels

This paper presents an analytical framework for performance evaluation of mobile radio systems operating in composite fading/shadowing channels in the presence of colocated co-channel interference. The desired user and the interferers are subject to Nakagami fading superimposed on gamma shadowing. The paper starts by presenting generic closed-form expressions for the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) probability density function (pdf). From this pdf, closed-form expressions for the outage probability, the average bit error rate and the channel capacity are obtained in both cases of statistically identical interferers and multiple interferers with different parameters. The newly derived closed-form expressions of the aforementioned metrics allow us to easily assess the effects of the different channel and interference parameters. It turns out that the system performance metrics are predominantly affected by the fading parameters of the desired user, rather than by the fading parameters of the interferers.

Alex Stephenne

Papers

Performance of time-delay estimation in the presence of room reverberation

On the performance analysis of composite multipath/shadowing channels using the G-distribution

On the capacity of generalized-k fading channels

Performance analysis of mobile radio systems over composite fading/shadowing channels with co-located interference

A new cepstral prefiltering technique for estimating time delay under reverberant conditions