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Alexander Effinger

Bio: Alexander Effinger is an academic researcher from University of Tübingen. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 3 publications receiving 6 citations.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors made a bet of 5 0.00% on the size of the largest molar in the world, which was later confirmed to be the case for the first time.
Abstract: Fiir Lac tobac i l lus casei, welcher als e iner der I-Iaupts~iureb i ldner bet der Z ahnka r i e s a n g e s e h e n wird, k o n n t e n wir zeigen, dab CuIonen in K o n z e n t r a t i o n e n y o n -~3 ,2 9 10 -~ molar die anae robe S~inreprodukt ion v611ig un t e rb i nden l ) . U n t e r Kar i e smisch f io ren l i nden sich als S y m b i o n t e n s t e t s Helen , welche im a n a e r o b e n Milieu u n t e r a n d e r m Milchs/iure produzieren. Wie bet Lac tobac i l lus casei lieB sich auch hier eine S g u r e p r o d u k t i o n s h e m m u n g du rch CuIonen nachweisen . Die He len wurden , ohne diese zu spezifizieren, au s ka r i6sen Belagen g e w o n n e n u n d in farbloser , yon Schwerme ta l l en befrei ter Dex t rose -N/ ih r l6sung mi t t e l s unse res D ia ly sensch l auch ve r f ah rens angere icher t , zweimal gewaschen u n d abzent r i fugiert . Die zeit l iche p ~ A n d e r u n g bet ve r sch iedenen CuI o n e n k o n z e n t r a t i o n e n d ien te wie frf iher als Ma/3 der S/inrep roduk t ion . Fig. 1 zeigt, da~ bet H e l e n die zu r v o l l k o m m e n e n H e m m u n g der Mil ieus i iuerung n6 t ige C u I o n e n k o n z e n t r a t i o n mi t ~ 8 0 y Cu++/elTl 3 (~1 ,3 9 I0 -3 molar) gegeni~ber Lac to baci l tus n m e twa den F a k t o r 40 h6he r g e f u n d e n wurde . Der Cu-Ionen-Einf lul3 au f das W a c h s t u m h a t sich m i t e inem Abfall der Tr f ibungswer te au f , ~ 5 0 % bet t00 y Cu++/cm a ( ~ t , 6 9

1 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: In this article, the toxicity of copper on a sole nitrate medium containing KH2PO4 as the phosphate source has been studied in Neurospora crassa, and iron counteracted the copper toxicity by suppressing the copper uptake and restoring complete growth at a lower iron-copper molar ratio.
Abstract: The toxicity of copper on a sole nitrate medium containing KH2PO4 as the phosphate source has been studied inNeurospora crassa. Iron counteracted the copper toxicity by suppressing the copper uptake and restored complete growth at a lower iron-copper molar ratio. Nitrite reductase activity was inhibited (75%) in copper toxic cultures, while the nitrate reductase activity was unaltered. Nitrite accumulated in the medium; this indicated decreased conversion of nitrate to ammonia. Alanine transaminase was also inhibited in copper toxicity, resulting in an accumulation of keto acids. Iron could restore the nitrite reductase and the transaminase activities to about 70% of the control value. The accumulation of both nitrite and keto acids disappeared under conditions of reversal of copper toxicity by iron.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data suggest that copper toxicity in the mould is due to suppression of histidine biosynthesis.
Abstract: The inhibition of growth of a wild strain ofNeurospora crassa by Cu2+ is counteracted by histidine, histidine methyl ester, histidinol and Mn2+. In the presence of Cu2+, the total free amino acid content decreased by 30%. The decreased free amino acid pools of arginine, histidine and tyrosine were restored on the addition of Mn2+. Histidinol phosphate phosphatase showed a decrease in activity in the presence of Cu2+. This inhibition was reversed on the addition of excess Mn2+. The data suggest that copper toxicity in the mould is due to suppression of histidine biosynthesis.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss die Berechtigung zur biologischen Prufung von Calcium-and Phosphor-Salzkombinationen diskutiert.
Abstract: Zusammenfassung 1 Es wird die Berechtigung zur biologischen Prufung von Calcium- und Phosphor-Salzkombinationen diskutiert. 2 An Hand der Beispiele Calcium-Citrat und Calcium-Fluorid, deren spezifische Anionenwirkung auf die Calcium- und Phosphor-Transponierung Futter Knochen und auf die Gewichtsentwicklung junger, wachsender Albinoratten experimentell dargelegt wird, konnte die Unhaltsamkeit einer rein chemisch-analytischen oder resorptionsmasigen Beurteilung von Calcium-und Phosphorpraparaten nachgewiesen werden. 3 Die Vitamin-D-Wirkung wird als eine streng spezifische Wirkung auf den Gesamtorganismus und auf die Knochenentwicklung der Versuchstiere erkannt, die zum Vergleich mit der biologischen Calcium- und Phosphor-Wirkung nicht herangezogen werden kann. 4 Es wurde die Moglichkeit einer biologischen Wertbestimmung fur Calcium- und Phosphor-Verbindungen aufgezeigt und ein Testverfahren mit jungen, wachsenden, nicht rachitischen Albinoratten entwickelt, das sich durch die Testkriterien Gesamtkorpergewichtsentwicklung und Entwicklung der Epiphysenknorpelprojektionsflache ausweist. 5 Dem biologischen Testverfahren wurden die Mineralstoffpraparate Thomasmehl, Knochenfuttermehl, X und Y unterzogen. 6 Die biologischen Meswerte unterscheiden sich infolge der alimentar gesetzten Labilitat des Tiermaterials bei engem Ca:P-Verhaltniss in der Versuchsdiat erheblich. 7 Das Thomasmehl ist als Calcium- und Phosphor-Quelle fur eine physiologische Entwicklung der Testkriterien ungeeignet.

7 citations

01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the toxicity of copper on a sole nitrate medium containing inorganic phosphate as the phosphate source has been studied in Neurospora crassa, and the results showed that copper toxicity was more toxic on this medium than on a normal nitrogen medium.
Abstract: The toxicity of copper on a sole nitrate medium containing KH2PO4 as the phosphate source has been studied in Neurospora crassa. Iron counteracted the copper toxicity by suppressing the copper uptake and restored complete growth at a lower iron-copper molar ratio. Nitrite reductase activity was inhibited (75%) in copper toxic cultures, while the nitrate reductase activity was unaltered. Nitrite accumulated in the medium; this indicated decreased conversion of nitrate to ammonia. Alanine transaminase was also inhibited in copper toxicity, resulting in an accumulation of keto acids. Iron could restore the nitrite reductase and the transaminase activities to about 70% of the control value. The accumulation of both nitrite and keto acids disappeared under conditions of reversal of copper toxicity by iron. The utilization of nitrate and the adaptive expres- sion of the enzymes nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase are well known in Neurospora crassa (2, 12). Studies on the antifungal activity of copper have shown the nitrate reductive pathway to be affected in this mold (15, 27). Copper was more toxic on a sole nitrate medium than on a normal nitrogen medium; this resulted in the decreased activity of nitrite reductase but not that of nitrate reductase (27). In conditions of copper toxicity, with inorganic phosphate (KHzPO4) used in place of an organic phosphate ester (fl-glycerophosphate), the mycelia acquired a blue color with alterations in their cell wall composition (26). The present studies were conducted under similar conditions of copper toxicity and describe alterations in nitrate utiliza- tion and the nitrogen metabolism of the blue myceli-

2 citations