Alexander F. Bouwman

TL;DR: It is suggested that terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems in which denitrification occurs can be organized along a continuum ranging from (1) those in which nitrification and Denitrification are tightly coupled in space and time to (2) thoseIn aquatic ecosystems, N inputs influenceDenitrification rates whereas hydrology and geomorphology influence the proportion of N inputs that are denitrified.

TL;DR: In the ocean, the lifetime of Nr is less well known but seems to be longer than in terrestrial ecosystems and may represent an important long-term source of N2O that will respond very slowly to control measures on the sources of NR from which it is produced.

TL;DR: A global emissions inventory for ammonia (NH3) has been compiled for the main known sources on a 1° × 1° grid, suitable for input to global atmospheric models as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple equation to relate the total annual direct N2O−N emission (E) from fertilized fields to the N fertilizer applied (F), was based on the measurements covering periods of one year: E=1+1.25×F, with E and F in kg N ha-1 yr-1.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of various factors regulating emissions from mineral soils was assessed using 846 N2O emission measurements in agricultural fields and 99 measurements for NO emissions, and the available data can be used to develop simple models based on the major regulating factors which describe the spatial variability of emissions of N 2O and NO with less uncertainty than emission factor approaches based on country N inputs.