Author
Alexander N. Glazer
Other affiliations: Pasteur Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ...read more
Bio: Alexander N. Glazer is an academic researcher from University of California, Berkeley. The author has contributed to research in topics: Phycobilisome & Phycocyanin. The author has an hindex of 71, co-authored 208 publications receiving 21068 citations. Previous affiliations of Alexander N. Glazer include Pasteur Institute & University of California, Los Angeles.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Determination of the complete amino-acid sequence of the subunits of B-phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum has shown that the alpha subunit contains 164 amino- acid residues and the beta sub unit contains 177 residues.
Abstract: Determination of the complete amino-acid sequence of the subunits of B-phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum has shown that the alpha subunit contains 164 amino-acid residues and the beta subunit contains 177 residues. When the sequences of B- and C-phycoerythrins are aligned with those of other phycobiliproteins, it is obvious that B-phycoerythrin lacks a deletion at beta-21-22 present in C-phycoerythrin. However, relative to C-phycoerythrin from Fremyella diplosiphon (Calothrix) (Sidler, W., Kumpf, B., Rudiger, W. and Zuber, H. (1986) Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 367, 627-642), B-phycoerythrin has deletions at beta-141k-o, beta-142, beta-143, beta-147 and beta-148. The four singly-linked phycoerythrobilins at positions alpha-84, alpha-143a, beta-84 and beta-155, and the doubly-linked phycoerythrobilin at position beta-50/61 are at sites homologous to the attachment sites in C-phycoerythrin. The aspartyl residues (alpha-87, beta-87, and beta-39), that interact with the bilins at alpha-84, beta-84, and beta-155 in C-phycocyanin, are found in the homologous positions in B-phycoerythrin. B-Phycoerythrin, in common with other phycobiliproteins, contains a N gamma-methylasparagine residue at position beta-72.
40 citations
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TL;DR: There is no conserved location for the bilin with longest wavelength visible absorption band among these proteins, and, consequently, that there is no Conserved energy transfer pathway common to all native cryptophycean biliproteins.
Abstract: Two crytophycean phycocyanins (Cr-PCs), Hemiselmis strain HP9001 Cr-PC 612 and Falcomonas daucoides Cr-PC 69 were purified and characterized with respect to bilin numbers, types and locations. Each biliprotein carried one bilin on the α subunit and three on the β subunit. Cr-PC 612 carried phycocyanobilin at α-Cys-18, β-Cys-82, and β-Cys-158, and a doubly-linked 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin at β-DiCys-50,61. Cr-PC 569 carried phycocyanobilin at α-Cys-18 and β-Cys-82, a singly-linked Bilin 584 at β-Cys-158, and a doubly-linked Bilin 584 at β-DiCys-50,61. This work, in conjunction with earlier studies on Cr-PE 545, Cr-PE 555, Cr-PE 566, and Cr-PC 645, shows that there is no conserved location for the bilin with longest wavelength visible absorption band among these proteins, and, consequently, that there is no conserved energy transfer pathway common to all native cryptophycean biliproteins. Only phycocyanobilin or phycoerythrobilin is found at β-Cys-82; there is greater bilin variability at the other three attachment sites.
39 citations
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TL;DR: The spectroscopically different phycocyanins present in the type strain of Hemiselmis virescens, Millport 64, and in a second strain of this cryptophytan species, Plymouth 157, have been purified and compared.
Abstract: The spectroscopically different phycocyanins present in the type strain of Hemiselmis virescens, Millport 64, and in a second strain of this cryptophytan species, Plymouth 157, have been purified and compared. They are similar in native molecular weight and in subunit structure, both containing α and β subunits with molecular weights of approximately 10 000 and 19 000 respectively. However, they do not have the same chromophore composition. Both subunits of the phycocyanin of Plymouth 157 contain two bilins, with absorption maxima at 600 and 660 nm, respectively. Only the β subunit of Millport 64 carries these chromophores; its α subunit bears another chromophore, with absorption maxima at 368 and 694 nm. The spectroscopic differences between the two native phycocyanins can be entirely accounted for by their differing chromophore compositions. The phycocyanin of Millport 64 is the only biliprotein so far described which contains three chemically different chromophores.
38 citations
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TL;DR: Case histories of groundwater withdrawals at widely differing scales are examined, that range from the impact of a few wells, to the outcomes of total appropriation of flow in a major river system, putting into sharp focus the question whether the magnitude of the current and future human, economic, and environmental consequences and costs of present practices of groundwater exploitation are adequately recognized.
Abstract: Hyperarid, arid, and semi-arid lands represent over a third of the Earth’s land surface, and are home to over 38 % of the increasing world population. Freshwater is a limiting resource on these lands, and withdrawal of groundwater substantially exceeds recharge. Withdrawals of groundwater for expanding agricultural and domestic use severely limit water availability for groundwater dependent ecosystems. We examine here, with emphasis on quantitative data, case histories of groundwater withdrawals at widely differing scales, on three continents, that range from the impact of a few wells, to the outcomes of total appropriation of flow in a major river system. The case histories provide a glimpse of the immense challenge of replacing groundwater resources once they are severely depleted, and put into sharp focus the question whether the magnitude of the current and future human, economic, and environmental consequences and costs of present practices of groundwater exploitation are adequately recognized.
38 citations
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TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
Abstract: The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
22,269 citations
28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。
18,940 citations
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01 Jan 196910,262 citations
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TL;DR: Semiconductor nanocrystals prepared for use as fluorescent probes in biological staining and diagnostics have a narrow, tunable, symmetric emission spectrum and are photochemically stable.
Abstract: Semiconductor nanocrystals were prepared for use as fluorescent probes in biological staining and diagnostics. Compared with conventional fluorophores, the nanocrystals have a narrow, tunable, symmetric emission spectrum and are photochemically stable. The advantages of the broad, continuous excitation spectrum were demonstrated in a dual-emission, single-excitation labeling experiment on mouse fibroblasts. These nanocrystal probes are thus complementary and in some cases may be superior to existing fluorophores.
8,542 citations
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TL;DR: Highly luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (zinc sulfide-capped cadmium selenide) have been covalently coupled to biomolecules for use in ultrasensitive biological detection and these nanometer-sized conjugates are water-soluble and biocompatible.
Abstract: Highly luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (zinc sulfide-capped cadmium selenide) have been covalently coupled to biomolecules for use in ultrasensitive biological detection. In comparison with organic dyes such as rhodamine, this class of luminescent labels is 20 times as bright, 100 times as stable against photobleaching, and one-third as wide in spectral linewidth. These nanometer-sized conjugates are water-soluble and biocompatible. Quantum dots that were labeled with the protein transferrin underwent receptor-mediated endocytosis in cultured HeLa cells, and those dots that were labeled with immunomolecules recognized specific antibodies or antigens.
7,393 citations