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Alfred Zettner

Bio: Alfred Zettner is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Lipoma & Corpus callosum. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 167 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Failure in development of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie, in the fourth month of fetal life, produced hydrocephalic enlargement of the fourth ventricle.
Abstract: ~ OF 1942, when Taggart and Walker reported three patients with atresia of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie, 24 only six previous cases had appeared in the literature, 3,4,7,8,z7,22,26 and only two of these cases had undergone surgical intervention. In the majority of cases published since then, the diagnosis was made either at operation or at postmortem examination. Treatment consists of cyst resection after posterior fossa exploration, or shunting from the lateral or third ventricle) ,m~ In 1956, Matson outlined the plain skull film, ventriculographic, and dural sinographic characteristics of prenatal obstruction of the fourth ventricle and emphasized that \"intelligent and successful treatment of hydrocephalus depends upon an accurate knowledge of the location and type of obstruction to normal cerebrospinal fluid movement. ''~6 Both the embryologic background and the specific pathological changes associated with this particular clinical entity are controversial. Taggart and Walker maintained that failure in development of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie, in the fourth month of fetal life, produced hydrocephalic enlargement of the fourth ventricle. 24 This, in turn, precluded the development of the inferior vermis and prevented the normal descent of the torcular Herophili and lateral sinuses. 5,1~ Brodal and Hauglie-Hanssen pointed out that the cerebellar anlagen fuse long before the fourth fetal month, and that thus the cerebellar agenesis could not be the result of

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Association with abnormalities often of chromosomes 8, 11, 13-15 and 18 suggests their involvement in abnormal corpus callosum (CC) morphogenesis.
Abstract: Seven hundred five cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) are reviewed from the literature (n = 660) and from our own observations (n = 45). The diagnosis was made or confirmed using neuroradiological techniques (n = 519) and necropsy or surgery (n = 231). Association with abnormalities often of chromosomes 8, 11, 13-15 and 18 suggests their involvement in abnormal corpus callosum (CC) morphogenesis. Four syndromes (e.g. Aicardi, acrocallosal, Andermann and Shapiro) are characterized by ACC, while others are only sporadically associated (e.g. fetal alcohol syndrome, Dandy-Walker syndrome, Leigh disease, Arnold-Chiari II syndrome). In non-Aicardi patients, the male-to-female ratio was 3:2 and X-linked recessive inheritance is postulated to play a role in some cases. Common abnormalities in acallosal patients included: mental retardation (MR), 73% [corrected]; seizures, 42%; ocular anomalies, 42%; gyral abnormalities, 32%; hydrocephalus, 23%; other central nervous system (CNS) lesions, 29%; costovertebral defects, 24%. Developmental disabilities are not attributable to absence of the CC per se, but due to other CNS malformation or dysfunction, which may be genetic or non-genetic. Future research using recombinant DNA techniques will enable isolation and identification of specific chromosomal defects in those cases with a genetic abnormality.

142 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Intracranial hamartomatosis with lipo-fibro-angiomatosis of meninges, megadolichobasilaris and multiple “subependymomas” is discussed and the term “lipoma”, implicating a neoplastic character, should be abandoned.
Abstract: 13 cases of intracranial lipomatous hamartomas are presented, 12 of which were incidentally found at autopsy. Only one case, verified by biopsy, showed progressive focal symptoms and lipomatous infiltration of the acoustic nerve. 5 lipomatous hamartomas were located in the cisterna ambiens region, 3 in the cerebellopontine angle, 2 in the hypothalamic and 1 in the callosal regions. 2 cases had multiple intracranial adipose tissue masses. Extracranial malformations were present in 4 cases, whereas 8 observations showed (micro)dysgenesias of brain and meningeal tissues surrounding the lipomatous hamartoma (mixed neuroglial-mesenchymal tissue, glial dystopias, aberrant nerve fibres, “hypertrophic” nerve bundles, peripheral myelin, micropolygyria, cerebellar microdysgenesias). 5 cases are described in detail: 1. Pontine lipomatous hamartoma combined with body malformations, frontobasal epidermoid cyst, tentorial osteoma and cerebellar microdysgenesias. 2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma associated with fibrolipomatous meningeal hamartoma and cerebellar micropolygyria. 3. Large lipomatous hamartoma of the callosal region encircling a colloid cyst. 4. Multiple meningeal fatty nodules associated with facial malformations, cerebellar dysgenesias and tentorial osteoma. 5. Intracranial hamartomatosis with lipo-fibro-angiomatosis of meninges, megadolichobasilaris and multiple “subependymomas”. The origin of intracranial fatty tissue is discussed; intracranial lipomatous hamartoma should be regarded as a complex malformation, affecting both the cerebral ectomesenchyma and brain parenchyma, and classified as true hamartoma (tumour-like, but primarily non-neoplastic malformation). The term “lipoma”, implicating a neoplastic character, should be abandoned. Links to phakomatoses are suggested.

138 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In cases of intracranial lipoma, a direct surgical approach is seldom necessary, although in certain locations, lipomas may cause blockage of cerebrospinal fluid pathways and require a shunt operation.
Abstract: Eleven cases of intracranial lipoma, diagnosed during life by computerized tomography (CT) scanning, are presented. Clinical symptoms related to the lesions were present in eight. The CT scan established the diagnosis of intracranial lipoma on the basis of typical x-ray absorption and location. Only dermoid cysts and teratomas may produce a similar CT appearance. In cases of intracranial lipoma, a direct surgical approach is seldom necessary, although in certain locations, lipomas may cause blockage of cerebrospinal fluid pathways and require a shunt operation.

127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sections in this article are: Embryonic and Postembryonic Histogenesis of Adipose Tissue, Occurrence and Appearance of the Primitive Organs of the White Adiposes, and Growth and Spreading of Adipses Tissue.
Abstract: The sections in this article are: 1 Embryonic and Postembryonic Histogenesis of Adipose Tissue 1.1 Occurrence and Appearance of the Primitive Organs of the White Adipose Tissue 1.2 Storage of Fat in the Primitive Organs 1.3 Histogenesis of the Primitive Organs and Their Reticuloendothelial Nature 1.4 Blood Cell Formation in Primitive Organs 1.5 Persistence of the Fat Organ After Loss of the Fat 1.6 Development of the Brown Adipose Tissue 2 Growth and Spreading of Adipose Tissue

114 citations