Single crystalline silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by thermal decomposition of silver oxalate in water and in ethylene glycol. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was employed as a capping agent. The particles were spherical in shape with size below 10 nm. The chemical reduction of silver oxalate by PVA was also observed. Increase of the polymer concentration led to a decrease in the size of Ag particles. Ag nanoparticle was not formed in the absence of PVA. Antibacterial activity of the Ag colloid was studied by disc diffusion method.

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Thermal decomposition as route for silver nanoparticles.

For much of this century production and usage of explosives and propellants have been responsible for release to the environment of a variety of energetic organic nitro compounds. This chapter covers the compounds of greatest importance; their uses are indicated and methods for their manufacture or laboratory synthesis are summarized. Those physicochemical properties of greatest utility in environmental risk assessment are identified and listed. Analytical methods are described briefly, with references given to more detailed literature. For the more extensively studied compounds, the microbiological and chemical transformations known to take place in the laboratory and in the environment and the metabolic transformations observed in animals and man are discussed. Toxic manifestations in mammals, humans, fish and other aquatic organisms, as well as threshold levels for these effects, are summarized. While the process of utilization of available experimental data to develop criteria and standards to assure protection of human health and preservation of the biosphere is in its infancy and changing rapidly, a short summary of criteria currently accepted in the U.S. for certain of the munitions compounds is presented.

Organic Explosives and Related Compounds

Prediction of Setschenow constants

Anisotropic silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized rapidly using microwave irradiation by the decomposition of silver oxalate in a glycol medium using polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) as the capping agent. The obtained Ag nanoparticles have been characterized by UV?visible spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) studies. Anisotropic Ag nanoparticles of average size around 30?nm have been observed in the case of microwave irradiation for 75?s whereas spherical particles of a size around 5?6?nm are formed for 60?s of irradiation. The texture coefficient and particle size calculated from XRD patterns of anisotropic nanoparticles reveal the preferential orientation of (111) facets in the Ag sample. Ethylene glycol is found to be a more suitable medium than diethylene glycol. A plausible mechanism has been proposed for the formation of anisotropic Ag nanoparticles from silver oxalate.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/19/04/045603/pdf

Algird G. Leiga

Papers

Decomposition of Silver Oxalate. II. Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition

Decomposition of Silver Oxalate. I. Microscopic Observations of Partially Decomposed Crystals

The Effect of Certain Salts on the Aqueous Solubilities of o-, m-, and p-Dinitrobenzene