Structural systems often show nonlinear behavior under severe excitations generated by natural hazards. In that condition, the restoring force becomes highly nonlinear showing significant hysteresis. The hereditary nature of this nonlinear restoring force indicates that the force cannot be described as a function of the instantaneous displacement and velocity. Accordingly, many hysteretic restoring force models were developed to include the time dependent nature using a set of differential equations. This survey contains a review of the past, recent developments and implementations of the Bouc-Wen model which is used extensively in modeling the hysteresis phenomenon in the dynamically excited nonlinear structures.

The Hysteresis Bouc-Wen Model, a Survey

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/16964/1/Pacheco%20Torgal%202012.pdf

Properties and durability of concrete containing polymeric wastes (tyre rubber and polyethylene terephthalate bottles): An overview

Concrete made with recycled tire rubber: Effect of alkaline activation and silica fume addition

Assessment of mechanical and durability properties of concrete containing waste rubber tire as fine aggregate

Waste tyre rubberized concrete: Properties at fresh and hardened state

Mechanical properties of concrete containing a high volume of tire-rubber particles.

Influence of length and volumetric percentage of steel fibres on energy absorption of concrete slabs with various concrete strengths is investigated by testing 28 small steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) slabs under flexure. Variables included; fibre length, volumetric percentage of fibres and concrete strength. Test results indicate that generally longer fibres and higher fibre content provide higher energy absorption. The results are compared with a theoretical prediction based on random distribution of fibres. The theoretical method resulted in higher energy absorption than that obtained in experiment. A design method according to allowable deflection is proposed for SFRC slabs within the range of fibre volumetric percentages used in the study. The method predicts resisting moment–deflection curve satisfactorily.

Flexural behaviour of small steel fibre reinforced concrete slabs

Simply supported bridges consisting of five I-section concrete girders are analyzed using the finite-element method. The main parameters of this study are: girder spacing (1.8–2.7 m), span length (25–35 m), skew angle (0–60°), and different arrangements of internal transverse diaphragms. Results of reliable analysis based on the finite-element method show that, in right bridges, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials distribution factors are conservative and in skew bridges, these factors are very conservative.

Load Distribution Factors in Simply Supported Skew Bridges

The compressive strength of mass concrete in dams is obtained from laboratory experiments of various cylindrical specimens with diameters of 150, 250, and 300 mm, and heights of 300, 500, and 450 mm, respectively. These specimens with 37.5, 75, and 150 mm maximum size of aggregate were investigated. The 7- and 90-day compressive strength of concrete was found to be between 20 and 58 MPa depending on the size of the specimens. The results reveal the existence of a significant size effect. Based on test results, relationships between the strength of mass concrete specimens and their size and shape are developed. Finally, results and a discussion are presented regarding compressive strength gain with time, effect of maximum aggregate size (d a ), and specimen size effect.

Size Influence of Specimens and Maximum Aggregate on Dam Concrete: Compressive Strength

This article presents an investigation of multi-mode effect of tall buildings subjected to near-field pulse-like ground motions. Multi-story buildings are modeled as an equivalent continuum structure consisting of a combination of a flexural cantilever beam and a shear cantilever beam. The simplified model is subjected to near-field ground motions and the representative simplified pulses. The maximum interstory drift spectra and its location along the height are calculated on the basis of modal summation approach. So, the method is largely based upon the assumption of linearity of the system. The effects of shear to flexural deformation ratio, structural to input pulse period ratio, and the velocity pulse shape on the structural response are discussed. The applicability of first-mode estimation is also investigated. In the end, it is shown that the response of structures to near-field pulse-like ground motions can be predicted by the structural response to the simple velocity pulses.

Ali R. Khaloo

Papers

Mechanical properties of concrete containing a high volume of tire-rubber particles.

Flexural behaviour of small steel fibre reinforced concrete slabs

Load Distribution Factors in Simply Supported Skew Bridges

Size Influence of Specimens and Maximum Aggregate on Dam Concrete: Compressive Strength

Multi-Mode Response of Shear and Flexural Buildings to Pulse-Type Ground Motions in Near-Field Earthquakes