다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Much has been written about theory and practice in the law, and the tension between practitioners and theorists. Judges do not cite theoretical articles often; they rarely "apply" theories to particular cases. These arguments are not revisited. Instead the Essay explores the working and interaction of theory and practice, practitioners and theorists. The Essay starts with a story about solving a legal issue using our intellectual tools - theory, practice, and their progenies: experience and "gut." Next the Essay elaborates on the nature of theory, practice, experience and "gut." The third part of the Essay discusses theories that are helpful to practitioners and those that are less helpful. The Essay concludes that practitioners theorize, and theorists practice. They use these intellectual tools differently because the goals and orientations of theorists and practitioners, and the constraints under which they act, differ. Theory, practice, experience and "gut" help us think, remember, decide and create. They complement each other like the two sides of the same coin: distinct but inseparable.

Of Theory and Practice

A reagentless bioactive paper-based solid-phase biosensor was developed for detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, including organophosphate pesticides. The assay strip is composed of a paper support (1 × 10 cm), onto which AChE and a chromogenic substrate, indophenyl acetate (IPA), were entrapped using biocompatible sol−gel derived silica inks in two different zones (e.g., sensing and substrate zones). The assay protocol involves first introducing the sample to the sensing zone via lateral flow of a pesticide-containing solution. Following an incubation period, the opposite end of the paper support is placed into distilled deionized water (ddH2O) to allow lateral flow in the opposite direction to move paper-bound IPA to the sensing area to initiate enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of the substrate, causing a yellow-to-blue color change. The modified sensor is able to detect pesticides without the use of any external reagents with excellent detection limits (bendiocarb ∼1 nM; carbaryl ∼10 nM; par...

Reagentless bidirectional lateral flow bioactive paper sensors for detection of pesticides in beverage and food samples

Prospects of using nanotechnology for food preservation, safety, and security.

Behavioral and biological markers of PTSD: A search for clarity in a conflicting literature

Nanohole array plasmonic biosensors: Emerging point-of-care applications.

Volume 7 • Issue 2 • 1000e125 J Anal Bioanal Tech ISSN: 2155-9872 JABT, an open access journal Imagine an era where patients will be able to tell the doctor that they themselves have detected the target molecule (e.g., antigen, proteins, chemical molecule, etc.) related to a disease using a personalized diagnostic tools (e.g., glucose for diabetes, Salmonella typhi for typhoid, bilirubin for anemia). This may help the clinicians to quickly design the adequate therapeutic strategies for patients. A biosensor based diagnostic technology promises to do just that-quick onsite diagnosis. Biosensors in general are stand alone miniature portable devices that can detect range of analytes quickly with the help of transducers that converts the biological response into measurable analytical signals. It represents a rapidly expanding field currently and is expected to reach $22.68 billion market by 2020. Moving this proof-of-concept device for everyday analysis of biological or chemical samples has involved tremendous development in biosensors research [1]. Therefore, many such diagnostic devices are available in the global market for various medical purpose such as; malaria testing kit [(CareStartTM Malaria HRP2/PLDH; Access Bio, United States) (Maleriscan® Malaria Pf/ PAN; Bhat Bio-Tech (P) Ltd., India)], hCG based pregnancy testing kits [(Pregnosis®; Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Montreal), (VelocitTM; Dr.Reddy’s India)], and portable glucometers [(CareStartTM G6PD, Access Bio, United States)] etc. Although these miniaturized devices are extensively fabricated and possess good market potential, research to improvise the existing designs in terms of relativity, sensitivity, detection time, and point-of-care diagnosis are still underway [2].

Nanobiosensors: Next Generation Point-of-Care Biomedical Devices for Personalized Diagnosis

The main objective of this study was to investigate the uptake and translocation of positively charged zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) in hydroponically grown sugar cane plants. Fluorescent ZNPs (spherical and measuring an average diameter 135 ± 3 nm) were synthesized by emulsion-diffusion method from FITC-tagged zein. Fluorescent measurement following digestion of plant tissue indicated that sugar cane roots had a significant adhesion of ZNPs, 342.5 ± 24.2 μg NPs/mg of dry matter, while sugar cane leaves contained a very limited amount, 12.9 ± 1.2 μg NPs/mg dry matter for high dose(1.75 mg/ml) after 12 h. Confocal microscopy studies confirmed presence of fluorescent ZNPs in the epidermis and endodermis of the root system. Given their ability to adhere to roots for extended periods of time, ZNPs are proposed as effective delivery systems for agrochemicals to sugar cane plants, but more studies are needed to identify effect of nanoparticle exposure to health of the plant.

Zein Nanoparticles Uptake and Translocation in Hydroponically Grown Sugar Cane Plants

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/8/4/107/pdf

Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopy Applications in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Molecules to Organs

DNA microarrays are used to examine changes in gene expression of a large number of genes simultaneously by fluorescent labeling of complementary DNAs (cDNAs). The major bottleneck in implementing microarray technology in resource-limited settings lies in the detection instrument used for generating images of spotted oligonucleotides post-hybridization. While various methods such as a lateral flow assay have been presented to accomplish point-of-care disease detection, there is no simple and effective instrument available to gather spot images maintaining the standard microarray procedures. Nanotechnology based sensors connected with a portable smartphone readout system have the potential to be implemented in microarray technology. Here, we describe a portable fluorescence microarray based imaging system connected to a smartphone for detecting breast cancer gene expression (BRCA-1) from exon 11. This is based on the interactive binding of probe DNA to Cy3-target DNA. A paper-based microfluidics approach was used to demonstrate the DNA hybridization assay. The imaging principles of the assembled device named "FluoroZen" are similar to those of a fluorescence microscope. It uses two light spectrum filters, one to excite the fluorescent dye and the other to capture the emission spectrum. The images were acquired by using CCD cameras from FluoroZen. The smartphone integrated paper microfluidics platform presented here could be translated into clinical settings to perform point-of-care testing.

Alisha Prasad

Papers

Nanohole array plasmonic biosensors: Emerging point-of-care applications.

Nanobiosensors: Next Generation Point-of-Care Biomedical Devices for Personalized Diagnosis

Zein Nanoparticles Uptake and Translocation in Hydroponically Grown Sugar Cane Plants

Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopy Applications in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Molecules to Organs

DNA microarray analysis using a smartphone to detect the BRCA-1 gene