Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disorder affecting people of all ages and adversely disrupts their daily functions. Despite the availability of numerous synthetic-antidiabetic medications and insulin, the demand for the development of novel antidiabetic medications is increasing due to the adverse effects and growth of resistance to commercial drugs in the long-term usage. Hence, antidiabetic phytochemicals isolated from fruit plants can be a very nifty option to develop life-saving novel antidiabetic therapeutics, employing several pathways and MoAs (mechanism of actions). This review focuses on the antidiabetic potential of commonly available Bangladeshi fruits and other plant parts, such as seeds, fruit peals, leaves, and roots, along with isolated phytochemicals from these phytosources based on lab findings and mechanism of actions. Several fruits, such as orange, lemon, amla, tamarind, and others, can produce remarkable antidiabetic actions and can be dietary alternatives to antidiabetic therapies. Besides, isolated phytochemicals from these plants, such as swertisin, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, and other prospective phytochemicals, also demonstrated their candidacy for further exploration to be established as antidiabetic leads. Thus, it can be considered that fruits are one of the most valuable gifts of plants packed with a wide spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals and are widely consumed as dietary items and medicinal therapies in different civilizations and cultures. This review will provide a better understanding of diabetes management by consuming fruits and other plant parts as well as deliver innovative hints for the researchers to develop novel drugs from these plant parts and/or their phytochemicals.

/pdf/antidiabetic-potential-of-commonly-available-fruit-plants-in-3t1hs6g0.pdf

Antidiabetic Potential of Commonly Available Fruit Plants in Bangladesh: Updates on Prospective Phytochemicals and Their Reported MoAs

Stefanos S. Andreadisa*, Theodoros Moysiadisab, Nikoloz E. Gogolashvilic, Eleni I. Koutsogeorgiouad, Georgios T. Fifisc & Eleni Tsalikiaa Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Thermi, Greeceb Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprusc Department of Agriculture, School of Geosciences, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Greeced Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 

Quality degradation of industrial hemp due to infestation by Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Coffee and tea are popular beverages worldwide, and therefore generate large amounts of waste. Here we describe the caffeine content and phenolic profile in three types of teas and coffees, and how they vary with two successive extractions. Although the first extraction was far more efficient than the second, green tea also showed a high content of flavanols in the second extraction, as did mate tea for phenolic acids. Black tea could also be a good option since caffeine content was highest in both extractions. Water also proved to be the most effective solvent in almost all cases, which represent a major benefit for urban horticulture, as it is a simple extraction method from an easily accessible source. Coffee and tea residues are a rich source of caffeine and phenolic compounds that could potentially be used as alternatives to conventional pesticides.

Exploring Secondary Metabolites in Coffee and Tea Food Wastes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition suffering millions of people worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), it is estimated that by 2045 about 783 million people will be affected by this disease. Diabetes can be treated today with various hypoglycemic drugs, including metformin and sulfonylureas. However, it has unwanted side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, weight gain, liver failure, tachycardia, and lactic acidosis. A newer group of oral diabetes drugs, such as the sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLTi), are recognized as useful in treating blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Natural phytochemicals derived from plants have long been used to treat chronic diseases such as diabetes, and traditional phytotherapy for diabetes has been recommended by the world health organization. Herbal medicines are believed to have fewer side effects, so nearly 80% of the drugs are derived directly from plants or modified plants. Given the importance of these results, we were inspired to investigate the impact of phytochemicals with his SGLT2 inhibitory effects on diabetes in order to develop the next generation of safer therapeutic strategies for diabetic patients.

Phytochemicals with sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitory effects for the management of diabetes; a narrative review on recent findings

Olives ripen in the late autumn and represent a good source of nutrients that Halyomorpha halys uses to prepare for diapause. This is the first study to investigate the impact of H. halys infestation on the phenolic response and olive fruit quality in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits and in the non-pierced part of damaged fruits of ‘Istrska belica’ and ‘Pendolino’ cultivars. Both total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity contents significantly increased in the infested fruits of the cultivar ‘Istrska belica’. Total phenolic content in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits increased by 10.7%, while the content of AC in the non-pierced tissue of damaged fruits increased by 7.11% and in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits by 6.1% compared to control. A total of 44 individual phenolic compounds were identified, 21 of them increased in at least one cultivar after infestation. Huge increases in phenolic content were observed in both cultivars, particularly for flavones, secoiridoids, anthocyanins, and flavonols in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits. The most responsive individual phenolic compound in both cultivars was oleuropein. Its content in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits increased by 44.7% in the cultivar ‘Pendolino’ and for 82.6% in the cultivar ‘Istrska belica’.

/pdf/effect-of-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-halyomorpha-halys-stal-3j47mbo0.pdf

Effect of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål.) Infestation on the Phenolic Response and Quality of Olive Fruits (Olea europaea L.)

The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB; Halyomorpha halys Stal.) has become a significant pest in Slovenia, especially in apple, pear, peach, and cherry orchards. In our study, apple fruit of the apple cultivar ‘Red Pinova’ were evaluated for visual injury and sugar, organic acid, and phenolic contents. The chemical composition of the area around the puncture wound, the uninjured part of the infested apple, was compared to, as a control, only uninjured apples. There was a significant response of the apple around the puncture wound, resulting in an 11.9 g/kg FW higher total sugar content, a 1.4 g/kg FW lower total organic acid content, and an 11.9 g/kg FW higher total phenolic content compared with control apples. A strong phenolic response in the puncture wound area, with high flavanol and hydroxycinnamic acid contents, with increases of 118% and 237%, respectively, compared with control apples, was detected. The brown marmorated stink bug induces a strong phenolic response in the injured area of the apple. The results of this study illustrated how apple fruit responds to the BMSB injury, not only sensorily (visual injury, odor), but also chemically in the form of metabolic responses.

https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/8/212/pdf

Aljaž Medič

Papers

Apple Fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) Metabolic Response to Infestation by Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys Stal.)