Showing papers by "Amanuel Alemu Abajobir published in 2018"
TL;DR: In 2016, the global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was approximately 25% among both men and women, and there was geographic variation in the lifetime risk, with the highest risks in East Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe.
Abstract: BACKGROUND The lifetime risk of stroke has been calculated in a limited number of selected populations. We sought to estimate the lifetime risk of stroke at the regional, country, and global level using data from a comprehensive study of the prevalence of major diseases. METHODS We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016 estimates of stroke incidence and the competing risks of death from any cause other than stroke to calculate the cumulative lifetime risks of first stroke, ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke among adults 25 years of age or older. Estimates of the lifetime risks in the years 1990 and 2016 were compared. Countries were categorized into quintiles of the sociodemographic index (SDI) used in the GBD Study, and the risks were compared across quintiles. Comparisons were made with the use of point estimates and uncertainty intervals representing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles around the estimate. RESULTS The estimated global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was 24.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.5 to 26.2); the risk among men was 24.7% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.3 to 26.0), and the risk among women was 25.1% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.7 to 26.5). The risk of ischemic stroke was 18.3%, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 8.2%. In high-SDI, high-middle-SDI, and low- SDI countries, the estimated lifetime risk of stroke was 23.5%, 31.1% (highest risk), and 13.2% (lowest risk), respectively; the 95% uncertainty intervals did not overlap between these categories. The highest estimated lifetime risks of stroke according to GBD region were in East Asia (38.8%), Central Europe (31.7%), and Eastern Europe (31.6%), and the lowest risk was in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (11.8%). The mean global lifetime risk of stroke increased from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016, a relative increase of 8.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 6.2 to 11.5); the competing risk of death from any cause other than stroke was considered in this calculation. CONCLUSIONS In 2016, the global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was approximately 25% among both men and women. There was geographic variation in the lifetime risk of stroke, with the highest risks in East Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe.
556 citations
TL;DR: Depression symptoms on the CES-D, as well as internalising and externalising behaviours were strongly associated with substantiated abuse in all forms, except sexual abuse, while anxiety, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, showed the strongest association whereas the findings for depressive disorder were equivocal.
Abstract: Retrospective studies have shown a high association between child abuse and subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Prospective studies are rarer.AimsTo examine, using a prospective record-linkage analysis, whether substantiated child maltreatment is associated with adverse psychological outcomes in early adulthood. The participants were 3778 mother and child pairs enrolled in a population-based birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. Exposure to suspected child maltreatment was measured by linkage with state child protection agency data. The primary outcomes were the internalising and externalising scales of the Youth Self-Report and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scales (CES-D) at approximately 21 years of age. A subset completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Auto version (CIDI-Auto). In total, 171 (4.5%) participants had a history of substantiated child maltreatment, most commonly emotional abuse (n = 91), followed by physical abuse (n = 78), neglect (n = 73) and sexual abuse (n = 54). After adjustment for potential confounders, depressive symptoms on the CES-D, as well as internalising and externalising behaviours were strongly associated with substantiated abuse in all forms, except sexual abuse. The results for the subset of the sample who completed the CIDI-Auto were less clear. Anxiety, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, showed the strongest association whereas the findings for depressive disorder were equivocal. However, across all diagnostic categories, emotional abuse and neglect, as well as multiple forms of abuse, showed a consistent association. Child maltreatment, particularly neglect and emotional abuse, has serious adverse effects on early adult mental health. These two warrant the attention given to other forms of child maltreatment. Children experiencing more than one type of maltreatment are at particular risk.Declaration of interestNone.
100 citations
TL;DR: All forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment, including multiple substantiations, were associated with risky sexual behavior in both sexes as well as higher rates of youth pregnancy in women, and emotional abuse persistently predicted miscarriages in young adult women.
Abstract: Childhood maltreatment is associated with a range of adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including increased rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) later in life. However, the impact on risky sexual behaviors and pregnancy outcomes has not been adequately studied. This is particularly true for physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. We examined associations between prospectively substantiated childhood maltreatment and reports of risky sexual behaviors by men and women, as well as selected pregnancy outcomes in women. We followed up 3,081 (45.7% female) participants from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a prospective Australian birth cohort study. Using logistic regression, we examined the association between substantiated childhood maltreatment from birth to 14 years, and self-reported risky sexual behaviors and youth pregnancy outcomes at the 21-year follow-up. In adjusted analyses, children who had experienced multiple childhood maltreatment exhibited more risky sexual behaviors than their nonmaltreated counterparts. In specific models, those exposed to each form of childhood maltreatment, independent of co-occurring forms of childhood maltreatment, had an increased likelihood of risky sexual behaviors, particularly an early sexual debut and, for women, youth pregnancy. Neglect was also associated with multiple sexual partners, and emotional abuse with higher rates of miscarriage. There was no difference between men and women in how different forms of childhood maltreatment predicted risky sexual behaviors in young adulthood. All forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment, including multiple substantiations, were associated with risky sexual behavior in both sexes as well as higher rates of youth pregnancy in women. Moreover, emotional abuse persistently predicted miscarriages in young adult women. Understanding the association between childhood maltreatment and risky sexual behaviors and youth pregnancy outcomes may help suggest preventive strategies.
33 citations
TL;DR: Altered general conditions such as shock, anemia, not adhering to medical and nutritional therapies were identified as predictors of mortality among under-five children with SAM in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Globally, approximately 19 million children under 5 years are suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income countries including Ethiopia However, little is known regarding predictors of mortality among these children in Ethiopia The current study aimed to assess the potential predictors of mortality among under-five children with SAM admitted to a stabilization center A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 527 under-five children who were admitted for SAM at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital from 2014 to 2016 Data were collected from a randomly selected chart after getting ethical clearance Data were cleaned, coded and entered to Epi-info (version 7) and analyzed using STATA (version14) The outcome was computed by using tables and graphs A multivariable cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify predictors of mortality Overall, the median follow-up period was 10 days with interquartile range (Q1, Q3: 8, 17) At the end of the follow-up, the mortality rate was 66(1252%) Anemia (AHR(Adjusted Hazard Ratio): 23, 95% CI: 12, 45), Shock (AHR: 79, 95% CI: 37, 167), no intake of antibiotics (AHR: 23 95% CI: 12, 44), IV-Fluid (AHR: 32, 95% CI: 17, 58), no intake of F75 (AHR: 66,95% CI: 29, 147) and no intake of F100 (AHR: 3, 95% CI: 16, 54) were independent predictors of mortality The survival status of under-five children with SAM was lower than the national standard protocol Altered general conditions such as shock, anemia, not adhering to medical and nutritional therapies were identified as predictors of mortality among SAM children Health education on early medical seeking behavior and adherence on the routine regimens may improve this gap in child survival
32 citations
TL;DR: A systematic analysis of mortality and morbidity data for LRI and its specific etiologic factors, including pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus, calls for public health strategies to reduce the level of risk factors in each age group.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study (GBD) to calculate the burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in the 22 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) from 1990 to 2015. METHODS: We conducted a systematic analysis of mortality and morbidity data for LRI and its specific etiologic factors, including pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. We used modeling methods to estimate incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We calculated burden attributable to known risk factors for LRI. RESULTS: In 2015, LRIs were the fourth-leading cause of DALYs, causing 11,098,243 (95% UI 9,857,095-12,396,566) DALYs and 191,114 (95% UI 170,934-210,705) deaths. The LRI DALY rates were higher than global estimates in 2015. The highest and lowest age-standardized rates of DALYs were observed in Somalia and Lebanon, respectively. Undernutrition in childhood and ambient particulate matter air pollution in the elderly were the main risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings call for public health strategies to reduce the level of risk factors in each age group, especially vulnerable child and elderly populations.
30 citations
TL;DR: Although both males and females were at increased risk of child maltreatment in families where mothers were victimized by their male partners, male children were more likely to be emotionally maltreated and male offspring's physical abuse.
25 citations
TL;DR: A short messaging service targeting pregnant woman is an invaluable, affordable intervention to improve maternal healthcare seeking behaviors and has positive effects for the uptake of FANC visits and skilled birth attendance in LMICs.
Abstract: In low resource circumstances, non-adherence for available health services is a major cause of inefficiency in health care delivery. MHealth has been projected as a possible solution to support women during pregnancy, birth and puerperium period, to increase the uptake of essential maternal services. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of short message services (SMS)on Focused Antenatal Care (FANC) visits and the attendance of skilled birth professionals in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). We searched a broad body of literature from electronic databases–Cochrane review, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and Google Scholar to collect comprehensive evidence on the role of SMS on FANC visits and skilled birth attendance. We extracted data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) only. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models with inverse variance method in Review Manager (RevMan) computer software. Qualities of the included studies were determined by GRADEpro, and risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Of the 1224 non-duplicated articles screened, only 7 RCT studies representing 8324 participants met eligibility criteria and included in this synthesis. On aggregate, there were statistically significant associations in experimental group in that pregnant mothers who received text messaging had a 174% increase in FANC visits (OR = 2.74 (95% CI: 1.41, 5.32) and 82% in skilled birth attendance (OR = 1.82 (95% CI; 1.33, 2.49). The I2 test result indicated high heterogeneity I2 = 78% (P < .001). The overall qualities of included studies were moderate, and had low risk of bias. SMS has positive effects for the uptake of FANC visits and skilled birth attendance in LMICs. A short messaging service targeting pregnant woman is an invaluable, affordable intervention to improve maternal healthcare seeking behaviors.
19 citations
TL;DR: A significant proportion of Ethiopian population is affected by common mental illnesses particularly depression and anxiety, although the rates are fairly higher in women than men, and routine screening for mental illnesses in patients with other comorbid diseases or in the general public may benefit the mental health status of Ethiopians.
Abstract: Background Common mental health illnesses including depression, anxiety and psychological distress are public health problems, with detrimental physical health, psychosocial and economic consequences. Ethiopia has been experiencing staggering patterns of common mental health problems. This is further complicated by lack of scientific evidence about the magnitude of the problem across population characteristics. This meta-analytic review thus aims to pool the prevalence of common mental health problems by clinical status, demographic subgroups, types of mental illnesses and time. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the national pooled prevalence of common mental illness among Ethiopian general and patient populations. A search of published studies was done using PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar. I2statistics and Egger regression asymmetry test used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Random-effects model was used to pool the prevalence of common mental illnesses using STATA software. Results The prevalence of common mental illnesses was higher among patients with comorbid conditions (36.43%). The prevalence of common mental illnesses in Ethiopian general population was also high (21.58). Women experienced higher rates of mental illnesses than their men counterparts (OR = 1.52). Common mental illnesses were consistently prevalent across other study population characteristics. Conclusions A significant proportion of Ethiopian population is affected by common mental illnesses particularly depression and anxiety, although the rates are fairly higher in women than men. Routine screening for mental illnesses in patients with other comorbid diseases or in the general public may benefit the mental health status of Ethiopians.
18 citations
TL;DR: Tuberculosis-diabetes co-morbidity is significantly higher in cigarette smokers as compared to nonsmokers, and the effect of cigarette smoking is determined.
Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis in diabetic patients and to determine the effect of cigarette smoking. A total of 15 studies was included in the meta-analysis. The pooled overall prevalence of tuberculosis in diabetes was 4.72% (95% CI 3.62–5.83%). In sub-group analyses, the prevalence was 5.13% (95% CI 4.34–5.92%) in Africa, followed by 4.16% (95% CI 2.9–5.4%) in Asia. The odd ratio of tuberculosis among diabetes patients was 7.6 (95% CI 1.46–39) in cigarette smokers as compared to nonsmokers. Publication bias was detected based on graphic asymmetry of fun-nel plots, Begg’s and Egger’s tests (p < 0.05). Tuberculosis is a common co-morbidity in diabetic patients. Tuberculosis-diabetes co-morbidity is significantly higher in cigarette smokers.
18 citations