Showing papers by "Amartya Sen published in 2002"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the evolution of a universe evolving from a phase dominated by nonrelativistic matter to a cosmological constant via an intermediate period where the effective equation of state is given by $p=\ensuremath{\alpha{-}A/{\ensemath{\rho}}^{\ensemblem{\alpha}},$ where A is a positive constant and $0l √ √ 1/ √ l 1/1.
Abstract: We consider the scenario emerging from the dynamics of a generalized Born-Infeld theory. The equation of state describing this system is given in terms of the energy density $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and pressure p by the relationship $p=\ensuremath{-}A/{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}},$ where A is a positive constant and $0l\ensuremath{\alpha}l~1.$ We discuss the conditions under which homogeneity arises and show that this equation of state describes the evolution of a universe evolving from a phase dominated by nonrelativistic matter to a phase dominated by a cosmological constant via an intermediate period where the effective equation of state is given by $p=\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\rho}.$
1,885 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the possibility of social choice in the context of rationality and freedom, and discuss the potential for social choice with respect to individual preference as the basis of social choices.
Abstract: Preface Part I General Introductions 1. Introduction: Rationality and Freedom 2. The Possibility of Social Choice Part II Rationality: Form and Substance 3. Internal Consistency of Choice 4. Maximization and the Act of Choice 5. Goals, Commitment, and Identity 6. Rationality and Uncertainty 7. Non-Binary Choice and Preference Part III Rationality and Social Choice 8. Rationality and Social Choice 9. Individual Preference as the Basis of Social Choice 10. Social Choice and Justice 11. Information and Invariance in Normative Choice Part IV Liberty and Social Choice 12. Liberty and Social Choice 13. Minimal Liberty 14. Rights: Formulation and Consequences Part V Perspectives and Policies 15. Positional Objectivity 16. On the Darwinian View of Progress 17. Markets and Freedoms 18. Environmental Evaluation and Social Choice 19. The Discipline of Cost-Benefit Analysis Part VI Freedom and Social Choice: The Arrow Lectures Introductory Remarks 20. Opportunities and Freedoms 21. Processes, Liberty and Rights 22. Freedom and the Evaluation of Opportunity Name Index Subject Index
1,121 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss basic education as a political issue in India and China, and gender inequality and women's agency as well as security and democracy in a nuclear India.
Abstract: 1 Introduction and Approach 2 Economic Development and Social Opportunity 3 India in Comparative Perspective 4 India and China 5 Basic Education as a Political Issue 6 Population, Health, and the Environment 7 Gender Inequality and Women's Agency 8 Security and Democracy in a Nuclear India 9 Well Beyond Liberalization 10 The Practice of Democracy
1,074 citations
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TL;DR: The nature and relevance of health equity are discussed, the ubiquity of health as a social consideration is noted, and the distinct grounds on which it has been claimed that health equity is the wrong policy issue are scrutinized.
Abstract: Text of Keynote Address to Third Conference of the International Health Economics Association on ‘The Economics of Health: Within and Beyond Health Care,’ York, 23 July 2001. ‘The world ... is not an inn, but a hospital,’ said Sir Thomas Browne more than three and half centuries ago, in 1643. That is a discouraging, if not entirely surprising, interpretation of the world from the distinguished author of Religio Medici and Pseudodoxia Epidemica. But Browne may not be entirely wrong: even today (not just in Browne’s 17th century England), illness of one kind or another is an important presence in the lives of a great many people. Indeed, Browne may have been somewhat optimistic in his invoking of a hospital: many of the people who are most ill in the world today get no treatment for their ailments, nor the use of effective means of prevention. In any discussion of social equity and justice, illness and health must figure as a major concern. I take that as my point of departure – the ubiquity of health as a social consideration – and begin by noting that health equity cannot but be a central feature of the justice of social arrangements in general. The reach of health equity is immense. But there is a converse feature of this connection to which we must also pay attention. Health equity cannot be concerned only with health, seen in isolation. Rather it must come to grips with the larger issue of fairness and justice in social arrangements, including economic allocations, paying appropriate attention to the role of health in human life and freedom. Health equity is most certainly not just about the distribution of health, not to mention the even narrower focus on the distribution of health care. Indeed, health equity as a consideration has an enormously wide reach and relevance. I shall consider three sets of issues. First, I shall begin by discussing the nature and relevance of health equity. Second, I shall go on to identify and scrutinize the distinct grounds on which it has been claimed that health equity is the wrong policy issue on which to concentrate. I hope to be able to argue that these grounds of scepticism do not survive close scrutiny. Finally, in the section dealing with general considerations and particular proposals, I shall consider some difficult issues that have to be faced for an adequate understanding of the demands of health equity. It is particularly important in this context to see health equity as a very broad discipline which has to accommodate quite diverse and disparate considerations.
706 citations
TL;DR: Critical scrutiny of public health care and medical strategy depends on how individual states of health and illness are assessed, and major tension often exists between evaluations based respectively on the two perspectives.
Abstract: Critical scrutiny of public health care and medical strategy depends, among other things, on how individual states of health and illness are assessed. One of the complications in evaluating health states arises from the fact that a person's own understanding of his or her health may not accord with the appraisal of medical experts. More generally, there is a conceptual contrast between “internal” views of health (based on the patient's own perceptions) and “external” views (based on the observations of doctors or pathologists). Although the two views can certainly be combined (a good practitioner would be interested in both), major tension often exists between evaluations based respectively on the two perspectives.
The external view has come under considerable criticism recently, particularly from anthropological perspectives, for taking a distanced and less sensitive view of illness and health. 1 2 It has also been argued that public health decisions are quite often inadequately responsive to the patient's own understanding …
673 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2002
235 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this view, globalization is not only good, but also a gift from the West to the rest of the world as discussed by the authors, which is the view of many opponents of globalization.
Abstract: Globalization is often seen as global Westernization. On this point, there is substantial agreement among many proponents and opponents. Those who take an upbeat view of globalization see it as a marvelous contribution of Western civilization to the world. There is a nicely stylized history in which the great developments happened in Europe: First came the Renaissance, then the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, and these led to a massive increase in living standards in the West. And now the great achievements of the West are spreading to the world. In this view, globalization is not only good, it is also a gift from the West to the world. The champions of this reading of history tend to feel upset not just because this great benefaction is seen as a curse but also because it is undervalued and castigated by an ungrateful world.
141 citations
82 citations
TL;DR: Amartya Sen looks critically at the anti-globalization protestors in his discussion of global doubts as global solutions in his lecture The Alfred Deakin Lectures.
Abstract: Taken from The Alfred Deakin Lectures on 15 May 2001, broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) National Radio, Amartya Sen looks critically at the anti-globalization protestors in his discussion of global doubts as global solutions.
74 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the role of democratic practice in contemporary India, going beyond the elementary concern with democratic institutions per se, and argues that democratic practice itself is a powerful tool of elimination of these handicaps.
Abstract: This paper examines the role of democratic practice in contemporary India, going beyond the elementary concern with democratic institutions per se. The foundations of democratic practice are identified as facility (functional democratic institutions), involvement (informed public engagement with these institutions), and equity (a fair distribution of power). The achievements and limitations of Indian democracy are assessed in this light, with special attention to the adverse effects of social inequality on democratic practice. It is argued that while the quality of democracy is often compromised by social inequality and inadequate political participation, democratic practice itself is a powerful tool of elimination of these handicaps.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the cosmological scenario arising from the dynamics of a generalized Chaplygin gas was studied and the conditions under which homogeneity arises were discussed and it was shown that this equation of state describes a universe evolving from a phase dominated by non-relativistic matter to a phase dominating by a cosmologically constant via an intermediate period where the effective equation-of-state is $p = \alpha \rho$.
Abstract: We study the cosmological scenario arising from the dynamics of a generalized Chaplygin gas. The equation of state of the system is given in terms of the energy density, $\rho$, and pressure, $p$, by the relationship $p = - A/\rho^{\alpha}$, where $A$ is a positive constant and $0 < \alpha \le 1$. The conditions under which homogeneity arises are discussed and it is shown that this equation of state describes a universe evolving from a phase dominated by non-relativistic matter to a phase dominated by a cosmological constant via an intermediate period where the effective equation of state is $p = \alpha \rho$.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Sen plantea una discusion entre teorias del derecho que convergen en su aplicacion a la accion social, "para evitar la opresion economica" as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Sen plantea una discusion entre teorias del derecho que convergen en su aplicacion a la accion social, “para evitar la opresion economica”. Con ello, el Nobel de economia ofrece una propuesta interdisciplinaria que demuestra los alcances de una concesion en aras de lograr mejorar la interpretacion social del derecho.
Book•
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The role of markets in a multi-institutional framework is discussed in this paper, where the authors propose a framework for trade, investment and finance in a multinomial setting.
Abstract: 1. Connections and Differences 2. Consensus and Doubts 3. Old Problems and New Challenges 4. The Role of Markets in a Multi-institutional Framework 5. Trade, Investment and Financing 6. Broadening the Perspective 7. A Concluding Remark Appendix