Amartya Sen

Bio: Amartya Sen is an academic researcher from Harvard University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Poverty & Human rights. The author has an hindex of 149, co-authored 689 publications receiving 141907 citations. Previous affiliations of Amartya Sen include Trinity College, Dublin & University of Chicago.

Mengukur Kesejahteraan: Mengapa Produk Domestik Bruto Bukan Tolak Ukur yang Tepat untuk Menilai Kemajuan?

Abstract: Terbit pertama kali dalam bahasa Inggris dan Perancis sebagai laporan kerja Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress (Commission sur la Mesure de la Performance Economique et du Progres Social), 2009. Koleksi tersedia dalam bentuk elektronik. Jika membutuhkan, dapat menghubungi pustakawan melalui email perpustakaan[at]komnasham.go.id dan/atau perpustakaankomnasham[at]gmail.com atau dengan mengisi formulir di tautan berikut: s.id/kolek

Equity and justice

Abstract: This chapter describes different aspects of equity and justice. Universalizability is indeed a widely accepted criterion value judgments may equate empirically distinguishable phenomena, but they cannot differentiate empirically indistinguishable states. The use of universalizability does, however, raise at least two difficult problems. Taking universalizability as a logical necessity rather than as a moral principle implies a violation of the Hume's law, which asserts that no value judgment can be deduced from exclusively factual premises. Normative value, in this view, must be a function defined over factual states, and while there is no compulsion to accept any particular form for the function on factual grounds, two identical factual states must be required to have the same normative value. If this is taken as a logical necessity, two states being factually exactly the same seems to imply that they are equally good.

A Comparative Analysis of User's Concerns and Government Policies on Autonomous Vehicles

Abstract: AbstractThe domain of fully Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) as an application of the IoT paradigm may help reduce accidents and improve traffic conditions. However, for end-users it raises concerns about safety and security. To fully embrace AV technology and address the end-user skepticism, users should be able to comprehend and trust the decisions made by the intelligent systems within the AV. To address this challenge, the objectives of this research are threefold. First, to understand the users’ concerns about the safety and security of AVs through a comprehensive social media analysis using platforms such as Twitter and Reddit. Second, to analyze the publicly available policy documents released by governing bodies such as the U.S. Department of Transportation and the European Commission to assess the focus of the governing policies in this sector. Third, to compare and contrast the findings of the first two objectives to identify the gaps and overlaps between the current government regulations and various users’ concerns and explain how these concerns are being acknowledged or need to be addressed with the use of software or hardware such that it will harbor public trust in adopting the technology of fully autonomous vehicles.KeywordsAutonomous vehiclesSocial media analysisGovernment policiesSentiment analysisTopic modeling

On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being

Abstract: ▪ Abstract Well-being is a complex construct that concerns optimal experience and functioning. Current research on well-being has been derived from two general perspectives: the hedonic approach, which focuses on happiness and defines well-being in terms of pleasure attainment and pain avoidance; and the eudaimonic approach, which focuses on meaning and self-realization and defines well-being in terms of the degree to which a person is fully functioning. These two views have given rise to different research foci and a body of knowledge that is in some areas divergent and in others complementary. New methodological developments concerning multilevel modeling and construct comparisons are also allowing researchers to formulate new questions for the field. This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.

Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices

Abstract: A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Agriculturalists are the principal managers of global useable lands and will shape, perhaps irreversibly, the surface of the Earth in the coming decades. New incentives and policies for ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services will be crucial if we are to meet the demands of improving yields without compromising environmental integrity or public health.

Dynamics of dark energy

Abstract: We review in detail a number of approaches that have been adopted to try and explain the remarkable observation of our accelerating universe. In particular we discuss the arguments for and recent progress made towards understanding the nature of dark energy. We review the observational evidence for the current accelerated expansion of the universe and present a number of dark energy models in addition to the conventional cosmological constant, paying particular attention to scalar field models such as quintessence, K-essence, tachyon, phantom and dilatonic models. The importance of cosmological scaling solutions is emphasized when studying the dynamical system of scalar fields including coupled dark energy. We study the evolution of cosmological perturbations allowing us to confront them with the observation of the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure and demonstrate how it is possible in principle to reconstruct the equation of state of dark energy by also using Supernovae Ia observational data. We also discuss in detail the nature of tracking solutions in cosmology, particle physics and braneworld models of dark energy, the nature of possible future singularities, the effect of higher order curvature terms to avoid a Big Rip singularity, and approaches to modifying gravity which leads to a late-time accelerated expansion without recourse to a new form of dark energy.