scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Author

Amartya Sen

Bio: Amartya Sen is an academic researcher from Harvard University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Poverty & Human rights. The author has an hindex of 149, co-authored 689 publications receiving 141907 citations. Previous affiliations of Amartya Sen include Trinity College, Dublin & University of Chicago.


Papers
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors propose a contextual language model for KG completion known as ELECTRA-KG (Efficiently Learning an Encoder that Classifies Token Replacements Accurately).
Abstract: Knowledge graphs (KGs) are becoming popular in recommender systems in recent times because of the wealth of side information they provide. Many researchers rely on KGs to help resolve the issues of cold start, diversity, and explainability in recommendations. However, the existing approaches usually ignore entity descriptions, which are essential in providing content information for entities in KGs. In this work, we propose a contextual language model for KG completion known as ELECTRA-KG (Efficiently Learning an Encoder that Classifies Token Replacements Accurately). We formulate the recommendation task as a KG link prediction task where we have an incomplete knowledge graph and we use state-of-the-art approaches to complete it. We do this by identifying missing facts among entities from our test data. To evaluate and validate our method, we perform a couple of experiments. First, we run experiments to demonstrate how well our model compares to state-of-the-art KG embedding models. Second, we run further experiments with our model on the tag recommendation task and compare our results to existing baselines. Our results show that our model outperforms the existing baselines on the tag recommendation task.
MonographDOI
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: Indien in den dreißiger und vierziger Jahren: Ein ziemlich intelligenter Junge beobachtet hellwach alles, was um ihn herum geschieht: die Tiere im Dschungel ebenso wie die bedrohlichen Spannungen zwischen Hindus and Muslimen, die nichts Gutes für die Zukunft verheißen as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Indien in den dreißiger und vierziger Jahren: Ein ziemlich intelligenter Junge beobachtet hellwach alles, was um ihn herum geschieht: die Tiere im Dschungel ebenso wie die bedrohlichen Spannungen zwischen Hindus und Muslimen, die nichts Gutes für die Zukunft verheißen. Atmosphärisch dicht schildert Amartya Sen seine Kindheit und Jugend im heutigen Bangladesch und nimmt uns mit in die Abenddämmerung der britischen Kolonialherrschaft. Von dort führt der Bogen dieser wunderbaren Erinnerungen nach Cambridge und hinaus in die Welt, zu Menschen und Orten, die Sen inspiriert haben. Ein Weltbürger und Humanist par excellence erzählt sein Leben und zeigt, warum "Zuhause" weit mehr sein kann als nur der Ort, an dem wir geboren wurden.
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sen as discussed by the authors argues that agreement can be reached on the manifest injustice of particular institutions and behaviour patterns even without having the same view of an ideally just society, or of perfectly just institutions.
Abstract: The social contract approach concentrates on identifying perfectly just social arrangements, taking the characterization of "just institutions," along with compliant human behaviour, to be the principal - and often the only identified - task of the theory of justice. Rather than following the contractarian tradition of beginning the exercise by asking what is perfect justice, or what principles should govern the choice of perfectly just institutions for the society, Amartya Sen here argues for asking about the identification of clear cases of injustice on which agreement could emerge on the basis of public reasoning (even in the absence of an agreement on the nature of "perfect justice"). In arguing, for example, for the abolition of slavery, as the Marquis the Condorcet, Adam Smith and Mary Wollstonecraft all did, they did not have to seek an agreement on the nature of the perfectly just society, or the characteristics of ideally just social institutions. That is, agreement can be reached on the manifest injustice of particular institutions and behaviour patterns even without having the same view of an ideally just society, or of perfectly just institutions.
Book ChapterDOI
13 Jan 2022
TL;DR: The First Parliament of Asia as discussed by the authors is an interactive process in Asia in which ESCAP has played such a leading role over the last six decades, and the history of ESCAP can be found in a report that the Executive Secretary has appropriately commissioned (and which is already available in a pre-publication form).
Abstract: It is marvellous that we are gathered here to celebrate the 60th anniversary of this wonderful organization, ESCAP, which is such a pre-eminent part of the United Nations system. I am also delighted to see that the rich history of ESCAP is being put together in a report that the Executive Secretary has appropriately commissioned (and which is already available in a pre-publication form), called ‘The First Parliament of Asia’, an apt name for an interactive process in Asia in which ESCAP has played such a leading role over the last six decades. I am very fortunate to be here and to be able to join in these anniversary celebrations.

Cited by
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Well-being is a complex construct that concerns optimal experience and functioning. Current research on well-being has been derived from two general perspectives: the hedonic approach, which focuses on happiness and defines well-being in terms of pleasure attainment and pain avoidance; and the eudaimonic approach, which focuses on meaning and self-realization and defines well-being in terms of the degree to which a person is fully functioning. These two views have given rise to different research foci and a body of knowledge that is in some areas divergent and in others complementary. New methodological developments concerning multilevel modeling and construct comparisons are also allowing researchers to formulate new questions for the field. This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.

8,243 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) as mentioned in this paper was created to marshal the evidence on what can be done to promote health equity and to foster a global movement to achieve it.

7,335 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Aug 2002-Nature
TL;DR: A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society.
Abstract: A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Agriculturalists are the principal managers of global useable lands and will shape, perhaps irreversibly, the surface of the Earth in the coming decades. New incentives and policies for ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services will be crucial if we are to meet the demands of improving yields without compromising environmental integrity or public health.

6,569 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the observational evidence for the current accelerated expansion of the universe and present a number of dark energy models in addition to the conventional cosmological constant, paying particular attention to scalar field models such as quintessence, K-essence and tachyon.
Abstract: We review in detail a number of approaches that have been adopted to try and explain the remarkable observation of our accelerating universe. In particular we discuss the arguments for and recent progress made towards understanding the nature of dark energy. We review the observational evidence for the current accelerated expansion of the universe and present a number of dark energy models in addition to the conventional cosmological constant, paying particular attention to scalar field models such as quintessence, K-essence, tachyon, phantom and dilatonic models. The importance of cosmological scaling solutions is emphasized when studying the dynamical system of scalar fields including coupled dark energy. We study the evolution of cosmological perturbations allowing us to confront them with the observation of the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure and demonstrate how it is possible in principle to reconstruct the equation of state of dark energy by also using Supernovae Ia observational data. We also discuss in detail the nature of tracking solutions in cosmology, particle physics and braneworld models of dark energy, the nature of possible future singularities, the effect of higher order curvature terms to avoid a Big Rip singularity, and approaches to modifying gravity which leads to a late-time accelerated expansion without recourse to a new form of dark energy.

5,954 citations