Sustainable Development Goals

Obesity and overweight (ICD-10 E66).

Cancer immunoediting is a process by which immune cells, particularly lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, protect the host from the development of cancer and alter tumour progression by driving the outgrowth of tumour cells with decreased sensitivity to immune attack. Carcinogen-induced mouse models of cancer have shown that primary tumour susceptibility is thereby enhanced in immune-compromised mice, whereas the capacity for such tumours to grow after transplantation into wild-type mice is reduced. However, many questions about the process of cancer immunoediting remain unanswered, in part because of the known antigenic complexity and heterogeneity of carcinogen-induced tumours. Here we adapted a genetically engineered, autochthonous mouse model of sarcomagenesis to investigate the process of cancer immunoediting. This system allows us to monitor the onset and growth of immunogenic and non-immunogenic tumours induced in situ that harbour identical genetic and histopathological characteristics. By comparing the development of such tumours in immune-competent mice with their development in mice with broad immunodeficiency or specific antigenic tolerance, we show that recognition of tumour-specific antigens by lymphocytes is critical for immunoediting against sarcomas. Furthermore, primary sarcomas were edited to become less immunogenic through the selective outgrowth of cells that were able to escape T lymphocyte attack. Loss of tumour antigen expression or presentation on major histocompatibility complex I was necessary and sufficient for this immunoediting process to occur. These results highlight the importance of tumour-specific-antigen expression in immune surveillance, and potentially, immunotherapy.

Expression of tumour-specific antigens underlies cancer immunoediting

Dalam dekade terakhir ini, penelitian di berbagai bidang ilmu 
semakin digiatkan. Dalam penelitian, terutama penelitian kuantitatif 
sangat dibutuhkan statistika, baik untuk validasi instrumen 
pengumpulan data, untuk penyajian data maupun untuk analisis data 
atau membuat inferensi. Sebelumnya akan dijelaskan dulu beda antara 
statistik dan statistika.

Statistik untuk penelitian

cancer [149 with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 36 with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)] and 97 patients with benign lung diseases in order to determine its clinical usefulness in the diagnosis of lung cancer and follow-up of treatment. We used the cut-off value of 3.5 ng ml'. established by the Japan CYFRA research group. This cut-off value is based on calculations using the receiver operating characteristic approach instead of using the 95% specificity approach recommended by other authors. The resulting sensitivity and specificity for the group of all lung cancer patients were 65.4% and 84.5% respectively. The sensitivity was highest (76.1%) for squamous cell carcinoma and lowest (44.4%) for SCLC. For NSCLC patients, when CYFRA 21-1 levels were analysed by node (N) factor, patients who presented with mediastinal lymph node metastasis (N2 or N3) demonstrated higher serum CYFRA 21-1 levels (5.6; interquartile range 3.2-11.5ng ml-1) than patients without mediastinal node metastasis (NO or Nl, 3.9; interquartile range 2.2 -10.0 ng ml-; Mann-Whitney UI-test, P = 0.0373). We compared the discriminatory power of CYFRA 21-1 with that of other tumour markers including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The area under the curve (AUC) of each ROC curve was calculated using the CLABROC program for statistical analysis. CYFRA 21-1 appeared to have the most discriminatory power of the markers tested in the diagnosis of lung cancer. In serial measurements of 14 patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, a high degree of correlation was noted between serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 and extent of clinical response (Wilcoxon, P= 0.0093).

Priorities for Future IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.

Background : The prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 39.05% in Sukoharjo in 2015, which is far bellow the national target of 80%. A study has shown that massage oxytocin increases oxytocin (OT) hormone release, and eventually decreases adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), nitric oxide (NO), and beta-endorphin (BE). This OT hormone release will increase milk ejection, which facilitate milk production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of breast care and oxytocin massages on breast milk production in post–partum mothers. Subjects and method: This was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), conducted at Sukoharjo Hospital, Central Java 19 October to November 18, 2016. A total of 90 post – partum mothers were selected at random and then allocated into breast care group and oxytocin massage group. The dependent variable was breast milk production. The independent variable was breast care and oxytocin massage. Changes in breast milk production before and after intervention between the two groups were tested by Mann-Whitney test. Results: The increase in breast milk production in breast care and oxytocin massage group (mean = 17.37, SD = 9.70) was larger than that of the control group (mean = 1.58, SD = 1.69), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Breast care and oxytocin massage can significantly increase breast milk production. Post-partum mothers are recommended to practice breast care and oxytocin massage, in order to increase breast milk production. Keywords:  breast care, oxytocin massage, breast milk production. Correspondende:  Tutik Rahayuningsih. School of Health Polytechnics, Poltekkes Bhakti Mulia, Surakarta. Email: tutikrahayu_abm@yahoo.co.id Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 101-109 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.05

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Effect of Breast Care and Oxytocin Massage on Breast Milk Production: A study in Sukoharjo Provincial Hospital

Chronological observation of mouse endometrial carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and 17β-estradiol

Background: Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in a woman's cervix. Cervical cancer is caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer ranked fourth against most women's cancer. The incidence of cervical cancer was estimated at 528,000 (7.9%) cases worldwide causing 266,000 deaths in 2012. The HPV vaccine can protect women from HPV infection, thus lowering the risk of cervical cancer. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of HPV vaccination in women of reproductive age in Permata Harapan Oncology Clinic, Surakarta, Central Java, using Health Belief Model. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. This study was conducted at Permata Harapan Oncology Clinic, Surakarta, from January to February 2018. A total study of 200 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was HPV vaccination. The independent variables were knowledge, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived barrier, perceived benefit, family income, and family support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: HPV vaccination increased with better knowledge (OR=7.97; 95% CI= 1.50 to 42.38; p= 0.015), perceived seriousness (OR=22.81; 95% CI= 6.06 to 85.86; p<0.001), perceived susceptibility (OR=4.03; 95% CI= 1.25 to 13.09; p=0.020), , perceived benefit (OR­=6.57; 95% CI= 1.88 to 22.98; p=0.003), family income (OR=5.32; 95% CI= 1.57 to 18.07; p=0.007), and family support (OR=6.86; 95% CI= 1.55 to 30.36; p= 0.011). HPV vaccination decreased with perceived barrier (OR=0.14; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.51; p=0.003). Conclusion: HPV vaccination increases with better knowledge perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, family income, and family support, but decreases with perceived barrier. Keywords: HPV vaccination, knowledge, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived barrier, perceived benefit, family income, family support Correspondence:  Yulia Fitriani. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: yuliafitriani38@gmail.com. Mobile: 085655708946. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(1): 16-26 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018.03.01.02

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Health Belief Model on the Determinants of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination in Women of Reproductive Age in Surakarta, Central Java

Background : Menopause is defined as the point in time when menstrual cycles permanently cease due to the natural depletion of ovarian oocytes from aging. Studies have shown,  menopause causes decrease in quality of life and a positive correlation between menopausal symptoms and  quality of live. This study aimed to determine the effect of menopause duration and biopsychosocial factors on quality of life of  women. Subjects and M e thod : This study was an analytic study using cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Bendo Community Health Center, Kediri District, East Java, from 8–31 March 2017. A sample was of 105 menopausal women was selected for this study by proportionate random sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. Quality  of  life  encompassed several constructs including physical, functional, emotional, social, and cognitive variables. The independent variables were duration of menopause, Body Mass Index (BMI), education, family support, and family income. The data were collected by pre-tested questionnaire, and analyzed by path analysis. Results : Quality of life was affected by menopause duration (b=2.19; SE=0.38; p<0.001), education (b=6.72; SE=1.72; p<0.001), family support (b=0.42; SE=0.17; p=0.011), BMI (b=0.71; SE=0.27; p=0.010), and family income (b= 0.13; SE= 1.60; p= 0.936). BMI was affected by education (b= 1.87; SE= 0.50; p<0.001). Conclusion : Quality of life is directly affected by menopause duration, education, family support, BMI, and family income. Quality of life is indirectly affected by education. Keywords : menopause duration, biopsychosocial factors, quality of life, path analysis Correspondence:  Nunik Ike Yunia Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: nunikike@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282257969278. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 125-136 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.04

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Effect of Menopause Duration and Biopsychosocial Factors on Quality of life of Women in Kediri District, East Java

Background:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Chronic asthma is commonly resistant to steroid therapy. Acupuncture has an anti-inflammatory effect a...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0964528418818705

Ambar Mudigdo

Papers

Effect of Breast Care and Oxytocin Massage on Breast Milk Production: A study in Sukoharjo Provincial Hospital

Chronological observation of mouse endometrial carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and 17β-estradiol

Health Belief Model on the Determinants of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination in Women of Reproductive Age in Surakarta, Central Java

Effect of Menopause Duration and Biopsychosocial Factors on Quality of life of Women in Kediri District, East Java

Improvement in inflammation and airway remodelling after acupuncture at BL13 and ST36 in a mouse model of chronic asthma